Kusankha CPU wozizira

Kuti tichotsere pulojekitiyi, kuzizira kumafunika, magawo ake amatengera kuchuluka kwake komanso ngati CPU idzasefukira. Pa chisankho choyenera, muyenera kudziwa kukula ndi mawonekedwe a socket, processor ndi boardboard. Kupanda kutero, makina ozizira sangathe kukhazikitsa molondola komanso / kapena kuwononga mayiyo.

Zoyenera kuyang'ana kaye

Ngati mukumanga kompyuta kuyambira zikwangwani, ndiye kuti muyenera kulingalira za zoyenera - mugule ozizira kapena purosesa la bokosi, i.e. purosesa ndi kuphatikiza kozizira dongosolo. Kugula purosesa ndi wophatikiza ozizira kumakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri, chifukwa njira yozizira imakhala yogwirizana kwathunthu ndi mtunduwu ndipo imawononga ndalama zochepa kugula zida zotere kuposa kugula CPU ndi radiator payokha.

Koma nthawi imodzimodzi, kapangidwe kameneka kamapanga phokoso lochulukirapo, ndipo ikachulukitsa purosesa, kachitidweko sikangathe kuthana ndi katunduyo. Kusintha zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi zina mosiyana kungakhale kosatheka, kapena muyenera kupita ndi kompyuta ku ntchito yapadera, chifukwa Kusintha kunyumba sikulimbikitsidwa pankhaniyi. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukumanga kompyuta yamagetsi ndi / kapena mukukonzekera zowonjezera purosesa, ndiye kuti mugule purosesa ina yosiyana ndi yoyambira.

Mukamasankha kozizira, muyenera kuyang'anira magawo awiri a purosesa ndi bolodi la amayi - socket ndi dissipation ya kutentha (TDP). Soketi ndi cholumikizira chapadera pa bolodi la amayi pomwe CPU ndi ozizira zimayikidwa. Mukamasankha dongosolo lozizira, muyenera kuyang'ana kuti ndi liti lomwe ndi loyenerera (opanga amalemba masokosi olimbikitsidwa). Processor TDP ndi muyeso wa kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi CPU cores, omwe amayeza mu watts. Chizindikiro ichi, monga lamulo, chikuwonetsedwa ndi opanga CPU, ndipo opanga ozizira amalemba mtundu wamtundu uwu kapena mtundu womwe adapangira.

Zofunikira

Choyambirira, khalani ndi chidwi ndi mndandanda wamaseke omwe mtundu uwu umagwirizana. Opanga nthawi zonse amapereka mndandanda wamalo oyenera, monga Iyi ndiye mfundo yofunika kwambiri posankha njira yozizira. Ngati muyesera kukhazikitsa ma radiator pa socket yomwe sikunafotokozedwe ndi wopanga, mutha kuthyola ozizira ndi / kapena zitsulo zokha.

Maximum ophatikiza kutentha dissipation ndi imodzi mwazigawo zikuluzikulu posankha kuzizira kwa purosesa yomwe idagulidwa kale. Zowona, TDP sikuti imawonetsedwa nthawi zonse muzosangalatsa. Kusiyanitsa kochepa pakati pa TDP yogwira ntchito yozizira ndi CPU ndizovomerezeka (mwachitsanzo, CPU ili ndi TDP ya 88W ndipo radiator ili ndi 85W). Koma ndikusiyana kwakukulu, purosesayo imadziwika kwambiri ndipo imayamba kuoneka. Komabe, ngati heatsink ali ndi TDP yokulirapo kuposa purosesa TDP, ndiye kuti izi ndi zabwino, chifukwa kuthekera kozizira kudzakhala kokwanira ndi zowonjezera kuti zigwire ntchito yake.

Ngati wopanga sanatchule kuziziritsa kwa TDP, ndiye kuti mutha kudziwa "google" pempho pa netiweki, koma lamuloli limangogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yotchuka.

Zojambulajambula

Mapangidwe ozizira amasiyana kwambiri kutengera mtundu wa radiator komanso kupezeka / kusapezeka kwa mapaipi apadera otenthetsera. Palinso kusiyana pazinthu zomwe zimapanga zomwe zimakupizira ndi ma radiator momwe zimapangidwira. Kwenikweni, zida zazikulu ndi pulasitiki, koma palinso zitsanzo zokhala ndi zitsulo zotayidwa ndi zitsulo ndi zitsulo.

Njira yosankhira ndalama zochulukirapo ndi njira yozizira ndi radiator ya aluminiyamu, yopanda machubu oyendetsera moto wamkuwa. Mitundu yotere imasiyana m'miyeso yaying'ono komanso mtengo wotsika, koma yosakwanira ma processor ambiri kapena opanga bwino kapena ma processor omwe akukonzekera kupitilizidwa mtsogolo. Nthawi zambiri amabwera ndi CPU. Kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe a heatsinks ndikofunikira - kwa ma CPU ochokera ku AMD, ma heatsinks amakhala amtundu, komanso Intel kuzungulira.

Ma coolers okhala ndi ma radiators ochokera m'mbale za precast ali pafupifupi nthawi yayitali, koma akugulitsidwa. Mapangidwe awo ndi radiator yokhala ndi mbale za aluminiyamu ndi zamkuwa. Amakhala otsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa ma analoge awo omwe ali ndi mapaipi amoto, pomwe kuzizira sikutsika kwambiri. Koma chifukwa chakuti mitunduyi ndi yachikale, ndizovuta kusankha sokosi yoyenera. Mwambiri, ma radiators awa samakhalanso ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera kuzinthu zonse za aluminium.

Radiator yopingasa yazitsulo yokhala ndi machubu amkuwa oyaka kutentha ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotsika mtengo, koma yamakono komanso yothandiza kuzira. Chojambula chachikulu chomwe chimapangidwa komwe machubu amkuwa ndi mawonekedwe akulu omwe samalola kukhazikitsa kapangidwe kakang'ono mu / kanyumba kotsika mtengo, monga zomwe zimatha kuthyoka pansi pa kulemera kwake. Komanso, kutentha konse kumachotsedwa kudzera machubu kulowera pa bolodi ya amayi, yomwe, ngati kachitidwe kake kali ndi mpweya wabwino, kumachepetsa mphamvu ya machubu kutha.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yama radiators yokhala ndi machubu amkuwa omwe amaikidwa m'malo okhazikika m'malo mopingika, omwe amalola kuti aikidwe mu kachipangizo kakang'ono ka dongosolo. Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kuchokera ku machubu kumapita, osati kumabowo. Ma coolers okhala ndi machubu otentha amkuwa ndi abwino kwa ma processor amphamvu komanso okwera mtengo, koma nthawi yomweyo ali ndizofunikira zapamwamba zofunikira chifukwa cha kukula kwake.

Kuchita bwino kozizira ndi machubu amkuwa kumadalira kuchuluka kwa otsiriza. Kwa ma processor ochokera pagawo lapakati, omwe TDP yake ndi 80-100 watts, zitsanzo zokhala ndi machubu amkuwa atatu ndi angwiro. Kwa ma processor amphamvu kwambiri ku 110-180 Watts, mitundu yokhala ndi machubu 6 ndi yofunika kale. Mwa mawonekedwe, kuchuluka kwa machubu sikumalembedwa kawirikawiri ku radiator, koma amatha kutsimikizika mosavuta kuchokera pazithunzithunzi.

Ndikofunika kulabadira pamunsi pazomwe kuzizira. Ma model okhala ndi maziko ndiotsika mtengo kwambiri, koma fumbi limalumikizidwa mwachangu pazolumikizira za radiator, zomwe ndizovuta kuyeretsa. Palinso mitundu yotsika mtengo yokhala ndi maziko olimba, omwe ndi abwino koposa, ngakhale akukwera mtengo kwambiri. Ndibwinonso kusankha kozizira, komwe kuphatikiza pazokhazikika pali kuphatikiza kwapadera kwamkuwa, chifukwa imachulukitsa kwambiri mphamvu yama radiators otsika mtengo.

Mugawo lamtengo wapatali, ma radiators okhala ndi maziko amkuwa kapena kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi pamwamba pa purosesa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Kuchita bwino kwa zonse ziwiri ndizofanana, koma njira yachiwiri ndiying'ono komanso yodula.
Komanso, posankha radiator, nthawi zonse muziyang'anira kulemera ndi magawo a kapangidwe kake. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa nsanja wozizira kwambiri ndi machubu amkuwa omwe amatambasunthira kumtunda ali ndi kutalika kwa 160 mm, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyiyika mu kachipangizidwe kakang'ono ndi / kapena pa bolodi yaying'ono. Kulemera kwabwinobwino kwa ozizira kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 400-500 g kwa makompyuta apakatikati ndi 500-1000 g pamasewera a masewera ndi akatswiri.

Makhalidwe Abwino

Choyamba, tcherani khutu ku kukula kwa fanayo, chifukwa mulingo waphokoso, kusinthika kwa m'malo ndi mtundu wa ntchito zimadalira. Pali magulu atatu oyenera:

• 80 × 80 mm. Mitundu iyi ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta kusintha. Zitha kukhazikitsidwa ngakhale pazinthu zazing'ono popanda mavuto. Nthawi zambiri amabwera ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri. Amapanga phokoso kwambiri ndipo samatha kupirira kuzizira kwa ma processor amphamvu;
• 92 × 92 mm - uku ndi ukulu wanthawi zonse wapamwamba kwambiri wozizira. Ndiosavuta kuyikhazikitsa, kutulutsa phokoso locheperako ndipo amatha kupirira ma processor ozizira a gulu la mitengo yapakatikati, koma amawononga ndalama zambiri;
• 120 × 120 mm - mafani akukulira angathe kupezeka pamakina ochita masewera kapena masewera. Amapereka kuzizira kwambiri, kusapereka phokoso lochulukirapo, ndikosavuta kwa iwo kupeza m'malo mwakusweka. Koma nthawi yomweyo, mtengo wa wozizira womwe umakhala ndi fan yotere umakhala wokwera kwambiri. Ngati wokonda miyeso yotere amagulidwa payokha, ndiye kuti pali zovuta zina kukhazikitsa pa radiator.

Pakhoza kukhalabe mafani a 140 × 140 mm ndi okulirapo, koma izi ndi zamakina a TOP amasewera, pomwe purosesa ili ndi katundu wambiri. Mafani oterowo ndi ovuta kupeza pamsika, ndipo mtengo wawo sudzakhala wotsika mtengo.

Samalani kwambiri ndi mitundu yokhala nayo kuchuluka kwa phokoso kumadalira iwo. Pali atatu a iwo:

• Sleeve Bearing ndiwotsika mtengo komanso wodalirika kwambiri. Wozizira yemwe ali ndi chiyanjidwe chotere mumapangidwe ake amakhalabe wopanga phokoso kwambiri;
• Kubala Mpira - mpira wodalirika wopitilira, kumawononga ndalama zambiri, komanso sikumasiyana phokoso lotsika;
• Hydro Bearing ndi kuphatikiza kwodalirika komanso kwabwino. Ili ndi kapangidwe ka hydrodynamic, kwenikweni sikubweretsa phokoso, koma ndi okwera mtengo.

Ngati simukufuna kuzizira kaphokoso, ndiye kuti onetsetsani kuti mwasunthika pang'ono pamphindi imodzi. 2000-4000 rpm zimapangitsa kuti phokoso la dongosolo lozizira likhale losiyanitsidwa bwino. Pofuna kuti musamve kompyuta, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musamale ndi zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi liwiro la 800-1500 pamphindi. Koma nthawi yomweyo, kumbukirani kuti ngati fan imakhala yaying'ono, ndiye kuti liwiro la kasinthidwe liyenera kusiyana pakati pa 3000-4000 pamphindi, kuti wozizira athe kuthana ndi ntchito yake. Kukula kwakukulu, kumakhala kochepera kusintha mphindi iliyonse kuti kuzirala bwino kwa purosesa.

Ndikoyeneranso kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa mafani mumapangidwewo. Pazosankha za bajeti, fan imodzi imodzi yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mumtengo wokwera mtengo pamakhala awiri kapena atatu. Potere, kuthamanga kwazungulira ndikupanga phokoso kumatha kukhala kotsika kwambiri, koma sipangakhale mavuto mu mtundu wa kuzizira kwa purosesa.

Ozizira ena amatha kusintha liwiro la fanoli zokha, kutengera katundu omwe apezeka pa CPU cores. Ngati mumasankha dongosolo lozizira, ndiye kuti onani ngati bolodi yanuyo imathandizira kuwongolera kuthamanga kudzera mwa wowongolera wapadera. Samalani kupezeka kwa ma DC ndi ma PWM polumikizira pagululo. Cholumikizira chofunikira chimatengera mtundu wa kulumikizana - 3-pini kapena 4-pini. Opanga ozizira amawonetsa mwatsatanetsatane cholumikizira chomwe kulumikiza kwa bolodi kuchitika.

Mwatsatanetsatane wa ozizira, amalembanso chinthu "Airflow", chomwe chimayezedwa mu CFM (mapazi a cubic pamphindi). Chizindikiro chachikuluchi, chimakhala chothandiza kwambiri kuzizira bwino ndi ntchito yake, koma mokulira mumakhala phokoso. M'malo mwake, chizindikirochi chikufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa kusintha.

Phiri kupita pa bolodi

Zozizira zazing'ono kapena zapakati zimakhazikika makamaka ndi ndodo zapadera kapena zomangira zazing'ono, zomwe zimapewa mavuto angapo. Kuphatikiza apo, malangizo atsatanetsatane amamangidwa, momwe amalembedwera momwe angakonzekere ndi zomata zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pamenepa.

Zinthu zidzakhala zovuta ndi zitsanzo zomwe zimafuna kukwezedwa kolimbikitsidwa, chifukwa pamenepa, bolodi la mama ndi kompyuta ziyenera kukhala ndi zofunikira kuti zikhazikike chapadera kapena chimango kumbuyo kwa bolodi la amayi. M'malo omaliza, komputa ya pakompyutayi isamangokhala ndi malo okwanira aulere, komanso gawo lapadera kapena zenera lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wokhazikitsa malo ozizira kwambiri popanda mavuto.

Pankhani ya dongosolo lalikulu lozizira, njira momwe mungayikitsire ndi momwe muyenera kukhalira ndi zitsulo. Mwambiri, awa amakhala ma boti apadera.

Asanakhazikitse kuzizira, purosesayo izidzafunika kuthira mafuta pompopompo. Ngati pali phula lokhazikika kale, ndiye kuti muichotse ndi thonje kapena thonje lomwe litamizidwa m'mowa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ena atsopano. Opanga ena ozizira amaika mafuta ophikira mu kit ndi ozizira. Ngati pali phala yotere, ikani ntchito; ngati sichoncho, mugule nokha. Palibenso chifukwa chosungira pamenepa, ndibwino kugula chubu cha mafuta apamwamba kwambiri, komwe kumakhalabe burashi yapadera yofunsira. Mafuta okwera mtengo amakhala nthawi yayitali ndipo amapereka bwino kuzirala kwa processor.

Phunziro: Ikani mafuta othandiza pa purosesa

Mndandanda wa Opanga Otchuka

Makampani otsatirawa ndi otchuka kwambiri pamisika ya Russia ndi mayiko ena:

• Noctua ndi kampani ku Austria yopanga makina amagetsi ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta kuziziritsa, kuchokera pamakompyuta akuluakulu a seva kupita pamakina ang'onoang'ono. Zomwe opanga amapanga ndizothandiza kwambiri komanso phokoso lotsika, koma nthawi yomweyo ndiokwera mtengo. Kampaniyo imapereka chitsimikizo cha miyezi makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zonse;



• Scythe ndi kufanana kwa Japan ndi Noctua. Kusiyana kokhako kuchokera pampikisano wa ku Austrian ndikotsika mtengo pamitengo yazinthu komanso kusowa kwa chitsimikizo cha miyezi 72. Nthawi yovomerezeka yovomerezeka imasiyanasiyana pakati pa miyezi 12-36;



• Thermalright ndi wopanga ku Taiwan njira zopumira. Imagwiranso ntchito makamaka pamtengo wamtengo wapatali. Komabe, zopangidwa za wopanga uyu ndizodziwika bwino ku Russia ndi CIS, monga mtengo wake ndi wotsika, ndipo mtundu wakewo siwoipa kuposa opanga awiriwo;



• Cooler Master ndi Thermaltake ndi opanga awiri a ku Taiwan omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta osiyanasiyana. Kwenikweni, awa ndi makina ozizira ndi magetsi. Zogulitsa kuchokera pamakampaniwa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtengo wabwino / mtengo wabwino. Zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndizagulu la mtengo wapakati;



• Zalman ndi Wopanga wa ku Korea wopanga makina ozizira, omwe amadalira kuchepa kwa zinthu zake, chifukwa choti kuzirala kwake kumakhudzidwa pang'ono. Zopanga za kampaniyi ndizabwino kuzizirira processor zamagetsi;



• DeepCool ndi China yopanga zinthu zotsika mtengo zamakompyuta, monga milandu, magetsi, othandizira, zida zazing'ono. Chifukwa chotsika mtengo, mtundu umatha kuvutika. Kampaniyo imatulutsa kozizira kwa onse amphamvu ndi ofooka mapurosesa pamitengo yotsika;



• GlacialTech - imatulutsa ena ozizira otsika mtengo, komabe, zopangidwa zawo sizabwino kwambiri ndipo ndizongoyenerera ma processor ochepa mphamvu.

Komanso pogula ozizira, musaiwale kufotokoza bwino za kupezeka kwa chitsimikizo. Nthawi yotsimikizika yotsimikizika iyenera kukhala osachepera miyezi 12 kuyambira tsiku lomwe mudagula. Kudziwa mawonekedwe onse a mawonekedwe a coolers pakompyuta, sizingakhale zovuta kuti musankhe bwino.