Tsiku lina, Windows 10 mwina singayambe. Mwamwayi, kuchira kwadongosolo kumatenga tsiku lalitali ngati mugwiritsa ntchito ma backups ndi zida zankhondo zoyenera.
Zamkatimu
- Bwanji kubwezeretsa Windows 10 yokhala ndi disk
- Momwe mungapangire buku la Windows 10 ndikubwezeretsa pulogalamuyo pogwiritsa ntchito
- Kuthandizira Windows 10 ndi DisM
- Pangani buku la Windows 10 pogwiritsa ntchito wizard yosunga zobwezeretsera
- Kanema: momwe mungapangire chithunzi cha Windows 10 pogwiritsa ntchito wizard yosunga zobwezeretsera ndikubwezeretsa pulogalamuyo ndikuigwiritsa ntchito
- Kupanga zosunga zobwezeretsera Windows 10 kudzera pa Aomei Backup Standart ndikubwezeretsa OS kuchokera pamenepo
- Kupanga driveable ya Aomei Backupper Standart flash drive
- Kubwezeretsa Windows kuchokera pa Windows 10 flash drive Aomei Backupper
- Kanema: momwe mungapangire chithunzi cha Windows 10 pogwiritsa ntchito Aomei Backupper ndikubwezeretsa makina ogwiritsa ntchito
- Gwirani ntchito kubwezeretsa Windows 10 mu Macrium Reflect
- Pangani makanema otumiza pa Macrium Reflect
- Bwezeretsani Windows 10 pogwiritsa ntchito chowongolera pa Macrium Reflect
- Kanema: momwe mungapangire chithunzi cha Windows pogwiritsa ntchito Macrium Reflect ndikubwezeretsanso makina ogwiritsa ntchito
- Chifukwa ndi momwe mungachotsere Windows 10 backups
- Kubwerera ndikubwezeretsa Windows 10 Mobile
- Zomwe mungakope ndikubwezeretsa zosunga zanu mu Windows 10 Mobile
- Momwe mungasungire deta ya Windows 10 Mobile
- Kanema: momwe mungasungire deta yonse kuchokera pa foni yam'manja ndi Windows 10 Mobile
- Pangani chithunzi cha Windows 10 Mobile
Bwanji kubwezeretsa Windows 10 yokhala ndi disk
Kuthandizira ndikupanga chithunzi cha disk cha C chomwe chili ndi mapulogalamu onse omwe adayikidwa, oyendetsa, zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi zosintha.
Kubwezeretsa kachitidwe kogwiritsa ntchito ndi oyendetsa omwe adayikidwa kale kumapangidwa motere:
- ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa bwino dongosolo la Windows lomwe lawonongeka mwadzidzidzi, ndikutayika kochepa kapena kusataya kwazinthu zanu, osawononga nthawi yowonjezera pamenepo;
- ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa kachitidwe ka Windows osasunthanso madalaivala a PC ma PC ndi zida za OS zomwe zapezeka, kuziyika, ndikusintha pambuyo pakusaka ndi kuyesa kwakanthawi.
Momwe mungapangire buku la Windows 10 ndikubwezeretsa pulogalamuyo pogwiritsa ntchito
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Windows 10 Backup Wizard, zida zomwe zili mu Command Line, kapena mapulogalamu ena.
Kuthandizira Windows 10 ndi DisM
Ntchito ya DisM (Deployment Image servicing and Management) imagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito Windows Command Prompt.
- Musanayambe kuyambitsanso Windows 10, dinani ndikusunga kiyi ya Shift. Yambitsanso PC yanu.
- Nenani kuti "Zovuta" - "Zowongolera Zapamwamba" - "Command Prompt" mu Windows 10 yochira.
Mazu obwezeretsa Windows ali ndi zida zonse zakukonzekera
- Pa Windows lamulo lomwe limatsegulira, lembani diskpart.
Chovuta chaching'ono cha malamulo a Windows 10 chitsogolera kuwonjezeranso kwawo
- Lowetsani mndandanda wamawu olemba, kuchokera pamndandanda wamayendedwe asankha zilembo ndi magawo a gawo lomwe Windows 10 idakhazikitsidwa, lowetsani lamulo lotuluka.
- Lembani dism / Capture-Image /ImageFile:D:Win10Image.wim / CaptureDir: E: / Name: "Windows 10", pomwe E pali diski yokhala ndi Windows 10 yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale, ndipo D ndi diski pomwe zilembedwe zidzasungidwa OS Yembekezerani makope a Windows kuti amalize kujambula.
Yembekezani mpaka kukopera kwa Windows disk kukatsirizidwe.
Windows 10 ndi zomwe zili mu disc tsopano zawotchedwa disc ina.
Pangani buku la Windows 10 pogwiritsa ntchito wizard yosunga zobwezeretsera
Kugwira ntchito ndi Command Line ndiyo njira yokhazikika kwambiri kuchokera pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito. Koma ngati sizikugwirizana ndi inu, yesani wizard yolowera mu Windows 10.
- Dinani "Yambani" ndikulowetsa mawu akuti "malo osungira" mu bar yofufuzira ya menyu yayikulu ya Windows 10. Sankhani "zosunga zobwezeretsera ndi kubwezeretsa Windows 10".
Yendetsani chida chosunga zobwezeretsera Windows kudzera mumenyu yoyambira
- Mu zenera la Windows 10 lolemba, dinani batani la "Backup System Image".
Dinani ulalo kuti mupange chithunzi chosunga zobwezeretsera Windows
- Tsimikizani kusankha kwanu mwa kutsegula ulalo wa "Pangani chithunzi cha machitidwe".
Dinani ulalo wotsimikizira mapangidwe a chithunzi cha OS
- Sankhani njira yosungira chithunzi cha Windows.
Mwachitsanzo, sankhani kuti musunge chithunzi cha Windows pagalimoto yakunja
- Tsimikizani kupulumutsa chithunzi cha Windows 10 disk posankha gawo kuti lipulumutsidwe (mwachitsanzo, C). Dinani batani loyambira lomwe linayamba.
Tsimikizani kusungidwa kwazithunzi posankha disk kuchokera mndandanda wazogawa.
- Dikirani mpaka kukopera kwa chimbale chachithunzichi kumalize. Ngati mukufuna disk 10 yadzidzidzi ya Windows 10, onetsetsani pempholi ndikutsatira malangizo a OS akuchotsa disk.
Diski yadzidzidzi ya Windows 10 imatha kupewetsa ndikufulumizitsa kuchira kwa OS
Mutha kuyamba kuchira Windows 10 kuchokera pa chithunzi chojambulidwa.
Mwa njira, kupulumutsa ku DVD-ROMs ndi njira yopanda tanthauzo kwambiri: titha kugwiritsa ntchito ma "disc" 10 olemera "4,7 GB okhala ndi C drive kukula kwa 47 GB. Wogwiritsa ntchito amakono, ndikupanga gawo G la makumi gigabytes, amaika mapulogalamu 100 akulu ndi ang'ono. Makamaka "osusuka" ku malo a masewerawa. Sizikudziwika zomwe zinapangitsa opanga Windows 10 kuti asamale bwino motere: Ma CD adayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu m'masiku a Windows 7, chifukwa pomwepo kugulitsa ma terabyte akunja kolimba kunawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo kuyendetsa kwa Flash 8 8 GB inali yankho labwino kwambiri. Kuwotcha ku DVD kuchokera pa Windows 8 / 8.1 / 10 kungakhale bwino kupatula.
Kanema: momwe mungapangire chithunzi cha Windows 10 pogwiritsa ntchito wizard yosunga zobwezeretsera ndikubwezeretsa pulogalamuyo ndikuigwiritsa ntchito
Kupanga zosunga zobwezeretsera Windows 10 kudzera pa Aomei Backup Standart ndikubwezeretsa OS kuchokera pamenepo
Kuti mupeze buku la Windows 10, chitani izi:
- Tsitsani, kukhazikitsa ndikuyambitsa pulogalamu ya Aomei Backup Standart.
- Lumikizani pagalimoto yakunja kapena ikani USB flash drive pomwe ikupulumutsira C.
- Dinani batani la Backup ndikusankha Backup System.
Sankhani Kubwezeretsa System
- Sankhani kugawa kwa dongosolo (Gawo1) ndi malo omwe mungasunge zolemba zake zosungira (Step2), dinani batani "Start Archive".
Sankhani kochokera ndikusunga malo ndikudina kuti ayambe kujambula ku Aomei Backupper
Kugwiritsanso ntchito kumathandizanso kupanga osati chithunzi chosungira, koma mawonekedwe a disk. Kugwiritsa ntchito kumapangitsa kuti zisakhale zosavuta kusamutsa zonse kuchokera ku PC drive kupita ku ina, kuphatikiza Windows boot booters. Ntchitoyi imakhala yothandiza pakaonekera kwambiri pakatikati yakale, ndipo ndikofunikira kusamutsira zonse zomwe zili zatsopano posachedwa, osasinthanso Windows 10 ndikulekanitsa, kusankha zolemba ndi mafayilo.
Kupanga driveable ya Aomei Backupper Standart flash drive
Koma kuti mubwezeretse Windows mu Aomei Backup mudzafunika chida china. Mwachitsanzo, tengani mtundu wa Chirasha wa Aomei Backupper Standart:
- Perekani lamulo "Zothandiza" - "Pangani media media."
Sankhani cholowera mu Aomei Backupper disk disk
- Sankhani kulowa kwa Windows bootable media.
Windows PE bootloader kuti boot mu Aomei Backupper
- Sankhani cholowera cha media chomwe chimathandizira firmware ya UEFA pa PC yanu.
Gawani UEFI PC Chithandizo cha Recordable Media
- Pulogalamu ya Aomei Backupper imawunika momwe angatenthe ndi disc ndi UEFI ndikuyiwotcha.
Ngati mutha kuwotcha disc ndi UEFI, akanikizani batani kupitiliza
- Nenani mtundu wa media yanu ndikudina pitilizani.
Nenani za chipangizo chanu ndi media pootchinga disc ndi Windows
Mukadina batani "Kenako", USB flash drive kapena disk idzajambulidwa bwino. Zonse zomwe mungapite mwachindunji kukabwezeretsa Windows 10.
Kubwezeretsa Windows kuchokera pa Windows 10 flash drive Aomei Backupper
Chitani izi:
- Yambitsani PC kuchokera pagalimoto yaying'ono yomwe mudalemba kumene.
Yembekezerani PC kuti ilongedze Aomei Backupper Recovery Software kukumbukira.
- Sankhani Windows 10 Rollback.
Lowani mu chida chogubuduza cha Aomei Windows 10
- Fotokozerani njira yopita kumalo osungira zithunzi. Woyendetsa kunja komwe chithunzi cha Windows 10 chidasungidwa ayenera kulumikizidwa, popeza asanayambitsenso Windows 10 iyenera kuchotsedwa kuti isasokoneze ntchito ya Aomei bootloader.
Muuzeni Aomei komwe mungapeze deta ya Windows 10 rollback
- Tsimikizirani kuti ndi chimodzimodzi chithunzi chomwe muyenera kubwezeretsa Windows.
Aomei Tsimikizirani Pempho Lakale la Windows 10
- Sankhani ntchito yokonzekera ndi mbewa ndikudina batani "Chabwino".
Tsindikani mzerewu ndikudina "Chabwino" mu Aomei Backupper
- Dinani batani la Windows Rollback Start.
Tsimikizani kubwezeretsa kwa Windows 10 mu Aomei Backupper
Windows 10 ibwezeretsedwa momwe munaikopera pazithunzi, zomwezo, zoikamo, ndi zikalata pa drive C.
Yembekezerani kuti Windows 10 ibwererenso, itenga maola angapo
Mukamaliza kumaliza, yambitsaninso OS yobwezeretsedwayo.
Kanema: momwe mungapangire chithunzi cha Windows 10 pogwiritsa ntchito Aomei Backupper ndikubwezeretsa makina ogwiritsa ntchito
Gwirani ntchito kubwezeretsa Windows 10 mu Macrium Reflect
Macrium Reflect ndi chida chabwino chobwezeretsanso Windows 10 kuchokera pazithunzi zosungidwa kale. Magulu onse adamasuliridwa ku Russian chifukwa chovuta ndi kupezeka kwa mtundu wa Chirasha.
Kuti mumvere zomwe zikuyendetsa drive yomwe Windows 10 idayika, chitani izi:
- Tsitsani, kukhazikitsa ndikuyambitsa pulogalamu ya Macrium Reflect.
- Perekani lamulo "Kupulumutsa" - "Pangani chithunzi cha dongosolo".
Tsegulani Windows 10 Backup Utility pa Macrium
- Sankhani Pangani Zithunzi Zoyenera Pazida Zobwezeretsa Windows.
Pitani pakusankhidwa kwa zoyendetsa zomveka zofunikira kuti musunge Windows 10
- Macrium Reflect Free pulogalamuyi idzasankha zoyendetsa zomveka zoyenera, kuphatikiza dongosolo loyamba. Perekani lamulo "Foda" - "Sakatulani."
Dinani batani losakatula la mafayilo ndi zikwatu pa PC yanu mu Macrium Reflect
- Tsimikizani kupulumutsa chithunzi cha Windows 10. Macrium Reflect amasunga chithunzithunzi mosasankha osamupatsa dzina la fayilo.
Macrium imaperekanso kupanga foda yatsopano
- Kanikizani Chinsinsi.
Dinani kiyi yotuluka mu Macrium
- Siyani ntchito zonse ziwiri kuti "Yambani Kukopera Tsopano" ndi "Sungani Zosungidwa Zosungidwa Kwazomwe Mungafanane ndi XML File".
Dinani "Chabwino" kuti muyambe kupulumutsa Windows
- Yembekezerani kujambulidwa ndi Archive ndi Windows 10 kuti mutsirize.
Macrium imakuthandizani kutsitsa Windows 10 ndi mapulogalamu onse pazithunzi
Macrium imasunga zithunzi mu mtundu wa MRIMG osati ISO kapena IMG, mosiyana ndi mapulogalamu ena ambiri, kuphatikiza zida zosunga zobwezeretsera za Windows 10.
Pangani makanema otumiza pa Macrium Reflect
Ngati dongosolo silitha kuyamba popanda media yakunja, muyenera kusamalira bootable USB flash drive kapena DVD pasadakhale. Macrium imasinthidwanso kuti ijambule media yosinthika. Kuti izi zitheke, maguluwo adamasuliridwa ku Russia ndikutchuka.
- Tsegulani Macrium Ganizirani ndikupereka lamulo "Media" - "Disk Image" - "Pangani chithunzi cha boot".
Pitani ku Macrium Reflect Rescue Media Builder
- Yambitsani Macrium Rescue Media Wizard.
Sankhani mtundu wanyuzipepala mu Rescue Disk Wizard.
- Sankhani mtundu wa Windows PE 5.0 (mitundu yozikidwa pa Windows 8.1 kernel, yomwe ili ndi Windows 10).
Mtundu wa 5.0 ukugwirizana ndi Windows 10
- Kuti mupitilize, dinani batani "Kenako".
Dinani batani loyenda kuti musinthe zina za Macrium.
- Mukapanga mndandanda wazoyendetsa, dinani "Kenako".
Tsimikizani ndikudina batani lomwelo ku Macrium
- Pambuyo pozindikira kuya pang'ono kwa Windows 10, dinani Kenako.
Dinani batani kupitiriza kachiwiri kuti mupitirize ndi Macrium.
- Macrium ipereka kutsitsa mafayilo ofunika a boot kuchokera patsamba la Microsoft (makamaka).
Tsitsani mafayilo ofunika podina batani lotsitsa
- Onani ntchito ya "Yambitsani UEFI USB yama boti angapo", sankhani USB Flash drive yanu kapena kukumbukira khadi.
Thandizo la USB liyenera kuthandizidwa kuti Macrium iyambe kujambula
- Dinani batani kumaliza. Bootloader ya Windows 10 yalembedwa ku USB Flash drive.
Bwezeretsani Windows 10 pogwiritsa ntchito chowongolera pa Macrium Reflect
Monga m'malamulo a Aomei am'mbuyomu, yambitsani PC kuchokera pa USB flash drive ndikudikirira kuti Windows bootloader ichike mu RAM ya PC kapena piritsi.
- Perekani lamulo "Kubwezeretsa" - "Tsitsani kuchokera pazithunzi", gwiritsani ntchito ulalo "Sankhani chithunzi kuchokera pa fayilo" pamwamba pa tabu ya Macrium.
Macrium ikuwonetsa mndandanda wazithunzi zomwe zidapulumutsidwa kale za Windows 10
- Sankhani chithunzi cha Windows 10 chomwe mudzabwezeretsa poyambira ndi logon.
Gwiritsani ntchito chithunzi chimodzi chaposachedwa kwambiri cha Windows 10 chomwe PC yanu idachita popanda kuwonongeka
- Dinani ulalo wa "Bwezerani kuchokera pazithunzi". Gwiritsani ntchito mabatani "Kenako" ndi "Finimal" kutsimikizira.
Kukhazikitsa Windows 10 kukhazikika. Pambuyo pake, mutha kupitiliza kugwira ntchito ndi Windows.
Kanema: momwe mungapangire chithunzi cha Windows pogwiritsa ntchito Macrium Reflect ndikubwezeretsanso makina ogwiritsa ntchito
Chifukwa ndi momwe mungachotsere Windows 10 backups
Lingaliro lochotsa makope osafunikira a Windows amapangidwa motere:
- kusowa kwa malo pawailesi kuti tisunge makope awa (ma diski osungira, ma drive amoto, makhadi amakumbukidwe amadzaza);
- kusamveka kwa makope awa kutulutsidwa kwa mapulogalamu atsopano a ntchito ndi zosangalatsa, masewera, ndi zina zotero, kuchotsedwa pa C drive ya zikalata "zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito";
- kufunika kwa chinsinsi. Simukusungira nokha chinsinsi, osafuna kuti agwere m'manja mwa ochita mpikisano, ndikuchotsa "michira" yosafunikira munthawi yake.
Ndime yomaliza imafunikira kumveka. Ngati mukugwira ntchito m'mabungwe ogwiritsira ntchito malamulo, pafakitale yankhondo, pachipatala, ndi zina, kusungitsa zithunzi za disk ndi Windows ndi data ya eni anu ndikoletsedwa ndi malamulo.
Ngati zithunzi zosungidwa za Windows 10 zidasungidwa mosiyana, kufufutidwa kwa zithunzi kumachitidwa chimodzimodzi monga kufufutidwa kwa mafayilo aliwonse mumachitidwe ogwiritsa ntchito. Zilibe kanthu kuti amasungidwa disk yanji.
Osadziyambitsa zovuta. Ngati mafayilo azithunzi atachotsedwa, kuchira kuchokera pa bootable USB flash drive sikungagwire ntchito mwanjira iliyonse: sipangakhale chilichonse chomwe chingabwezeretse Windows 10 motere. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zina, mwachitsanzo, kuyambitsa zovuta pa Windows kapena kukhazikitsa kwatsopano kwa "ambiri" pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi chomwe chatulutsidwa kuchokera pa webusayiti ya Microsoft kapena pamzere wamtsinje. Chomwe chikufunika pano si boot (LiveDVD bootloader), koma Windows 10 ya Windows drive yoika.
Kubwerera ndikubwezeretsa Windows 10 Mobile
Windows 10 Mobile ndi mtundu wa Windows womwe unasinthidwa ndi ma foni a smartphones. Nthawi zina, imathanso kukhazikitsidwa piritsi, ngati chomaliza sichimasiyanasiyana pakuchita bwino komanso kuthamanga. Windows 10 Mobile yasintha Windows Phone 7/8.
Zomwe mungakope ndikubwezeretsa zosunga zanu mu Windows 10 Mobile
Kuphatikiza pa zikalata zogwirira ntchito, ma multimedia data ndi masewera, kulumikizana, mindandanda, mauthenga a SMS / MMS, zolemba ndi okonza zimasungidwa mu Windows 10 Mobile - zonsezi ndizofunikira kwa mafoni amakono.
Kubwezeretsa ndikusamutsa chithunzi kuchokera pa Windows 10 Mobile command console, ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kiyibodi yakunja ndi mbewa kuposa kulemba mitundu yayitali yokhala ndi magawo angapo kuchokera mu sensor kwa mphindi 15: monga mukudziwa, gawo limodzi lolakwika kapena malo owonjezera, ndi womasulira wa CMD (kapena PowerShell ) ipereka cholakwika.
Komabe, si ma foni onse omwe ali ndi Windows Mobile (monga momwe amachitira pa Android) omwe amakupatsani mwayi wolumikizira kiyibodi yakunja: muyenera kukhazikitsa malaibulale ena owonjezera, mwina, kuphatikiza nambala ya OS mukukhulupirira kuti muwona bokosi lokongola ndi mbewa pazenera. Njira izi sizimatsimikiziranso kuti zana limodzi lithe. Ngati palibe mavuto ndi mapiritsi, ndiye kuti muyenera kusilira ndi mafoni chifukwa kuwonetsa ndizochepa kwambiri.
Momwe mungasungire deta ya Windows 10 Mobile
Windows 10 Mobile, mwamwayi, imafanana kwambiri ndi "desktop" ya Windows 10: ili yofanana ndi mitundu ya Apple iOS ya iPhone ndi iPad.
Pafupifupi zochitika zonse za Windows 10 zophatikizana ndi Windows Phone 8. Ambiri mwa Windows 10 Mobile amabwerekera kwa "ambiri" wamba.
- Perekani lamulo "Yambani" - "Zikhazikiko" - "Sinthani ndi Chitetezo."
Sankhani Windows Mobile 10 Security ndi Kusintha
- Yambitsani Windows 10 Backup Service.
Sankhani Windows 10 ya Backup Service
- Yatsani (pali pulogalamu yosinthira). Zokonda zimaphatikizaponso kukopera zomwe mukufuna komanso kusungitsa zinthu zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale ndi OS yomwe.
Yatsani kutsitsa deta ndi zoikamo ku OneDrive
- Khazikitsani pulogalamu yokhayo yosunga zokha. Ngati mukufuna kulumikiza foni yanu mwachangu ndi OneDrive, dinani batani la "Backup data now".
Yatsani pulogalamuyo ndikutsimikiza zenizeni za mapulogalamu omwe asinthidwe kukhala OneDrive
Popeza kukula kwa C ndi D kuyendetsa pa smartphone nthawi zambiri kumakhala sikokulirapo pa PC, mudzafunika akaunti yosungira mitambo, monga OneDrive. Zambiri zidzasungidwa kumtambo womwe Intaneti ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zonsezi zikufanana ndi ntchito ya Apple iCloud service pa iOS kapena Google Drayivu mu Android.
Kusamutsa deta kupita ku foni ina ya smartphone, muyenera kulembetsanso akaunti yanu ya OneDrive. Pangani makonzedwe omwewo pa iyo, Windows 10 ya Backup Service ikweza mafayilo onse kuchokera pamtambo kupita ku chida chachiwiri.
Kanema: momwe mungasungire deta yonse kuchokera pa foni yam'manja ndi Windows 10 Mobile
Pangani chithunzi cha Windows 10 Mobile
Ndi mafoni apulogalamu a Windows 10, zinthu sizophweka ngati momwe zinalili ndi Windows 10. Mwachisoni, Microsoft sanapereke chida chogwirira ntchito popanga zilembo za Windows 10 Mobile. Kalanga ine, chilichonse chimangokhala ndi kusamutsira deta yanu yokha, zoikika ndi zoikika zomwe zidayikidwira pa smartphone kupita ku smartphone ina. Chhopunthwitsa apa ndikuvuta kulumikiza mafoni a Windows ku ma drive ama hard drive ndi ma drive abulashi, ngakhale mawonekedwe a MicroUSB pama foni ambiri a OSSG ndi OTG.
Kubwezeretsanso Windows 10 pa smartphone kumakhala kotheka ndi chingwe pogwiritsa ntchito PC kapena laputopu ndikuyika pulogalamu yachitatu, mwachitsanzo, Microsoft Visual Studio. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito foni yam'manja yomwe ili ndi Windows Phone 8, mufunika thandizo la Windows 10 Mobile pa mtundu wanu.
Kuthandizira ndikubwezeretsa Windows 10 kuchokera ku ma backups kulinso kovuta kuposa kugwira ntchito ndi mitundu yam'mbuyo ya Windows yemweyo. Zida zopangidwa ndi OS zopangidwira masoka, komanso mapulogalamu a chipani chachitatu, zakhala zochulukirapo.