Linux

Ogwiritsa ntchito makina ogwiritsa ntchito Ubuntu ali ndi kuthekera kukhazikitsa ntchito ya mtambo wa Yandex.Disk pamakompyuta awo, kulowa kapena kulembetsa mmenemo ndikuyanjana ndi mafayilo popanda mavuto. Njira yoyikitsira ili ndi mawonekedwe ake ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera mwa chopukutira chaudindo. Tidzayesa kufotokoza njira yonse mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingathere, ndikuigawa kukhala njira zosavuta.

Makina ogwiritsira ntchito a Linux ali ndi zida zambiri zopangidwa, kulumikizana komwe kumachitika ndikulowetsa malamulo oyenera mu "terminal" ndi mikangano yosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha izi, wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuchita zonse zotheka kuti athe kuyendetsa OS palokha, magawo osiyanasiyana ndi mafayilo omwe amapezeka. Limodzi mwa malamulo otchuka ndi mphaka, ndipo limagwira ntchito ndi zomwe zili m'mafayilo amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Zowonadi, pakugawa kachitidwe kogwiritsa ntchito pa Linux kernel, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndi oyang'anira mafayilo omwe amakupatsani mwayi wogwira ntchito ndi zolemba komanso zinthu zaumwini. Komabe, nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kuti mudziwe zomwe zili mufoda yeniyeni kudzera muzomangiriza.

Makina ogwiritsira ntchito a Linux kernel nthawi zambiri amasunga zowerengeka zazambiri zopanda mawu komanso zopanda kanthu. Ena a iwo amatenga malo okwanira pa drive, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala osafunikira. Pankhaniyi, kuchotsedwa kwawo kungakhale njira yoyenera. Pali njira zingapo zoyeretsera; zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi inayake.

Nthawi zina ogwiritsa ntchito amakumana ndi vuto lofufuza zambiri mu mafayilo aliwonse. Nthawi zambiri, zikalata zosintha kapena njira zina zowonjezera zimakhala ndi mizere yambiri, motero sizotheka kupeza mwazomwezo zofunika. Kenako imodzi mwa malamulo omwe adakhazikitsidwa mumachitidwe a Linux amabwera kudzakupulumutsani, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi kuti mupeze mizere yeniyeni mumasekondi.

Maulumikizidwe amaneti mu Ubuntu opaleshoni imayendetsedwa kudzera pa chida chotchedwa NetworkManager. Kupyola console, imakupatsani mwayi kuti musangowona mndandanda wamaneti, komanso kuchititsa kulumikizana ndi ma netiweki ena, komanso kuzisintha m'njira iliyonse pogwiritsa ntchito chida china. Pokhapokha, NetworkManager ilipo kale ku Ubuntu, komabe, ikachotsedwa kapena kutha kugwira ntchito, mwina pangafunikire kuyikonzanso.

Oyang'anira mafayilo odziwika kwambiri amachitidwe opangira makompyuta a Linux ali ndi chida chofufuzira choyenera. Komabe, magawo omwe samakhalamo nthawi zonse amakhala okwanira kuti wogwiritsa ntchito awone zofunikira. Potere, chida chofunikira chomwe chimadutsa mu "Matemula" chimathandizira.

Zosintha zachilengedwe m'makina ogwiritsira ntchito a Linux ndizosinthira zomwe zimakhala ndi zolemba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu ena poyambira. Nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo magawo onse a zonse zojambula ndi zotsogola, zambiri pazosintha, malo omwe mafayilo ena, ndi zina zambiri.

Mtundu wofananira wa mitundu ya mafayilo mu Linux ndi TAR.GZ, malo osungidwa nthawi zonse omwe amakakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito Gzip. M'malo oterowo, mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana ndi mindandanda ya zikwatu ndi zinthu nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa, zomwe zimapereka mwayi pakati pa zida. Kutula fayilo yamtunduwu ndikosavuta, chifukwa muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kachitidwe komwe mumakhala kuti "terminal".

Nthawi ndi nthawi, ogwiritsa ntchito ena pa intaneti amayang'anizana ndi kufunika kukhazikitsa njira yolumikizirana mosasamala, nthawi zambiri ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa adilesi ya IP ndi wolandila kudziko lina. Tekinoloje yotchedwa VPN imathandizira kukhazikitsa ntchito yotere. Kuchokera kwa wogwiritsa amangofunika kukhazikitsa pa PC zofunikira zonse ndikulumikiza.

Ukadaulo wa SSH (Safe Shell) umakupatsani mwayi wolamulira kompyuta yanu mosamala kudzera pa kulumikizidwa kotetezeka. SSH imasunga mafayilo onse osunthidwa, kuphatikiza mapasiwedi, ndipo imasamutsanso protocol iliyonse ya pa intaneti. Kuti chida chizigwira ntchito molondola, sichiyenera kuyikidwa kokha, komanso kukhazikitsidwa.

Kusamutsa fayilo pa intaneti kumachitika chifukwa cha seva yokhazikitsidwa ya FTP. Protocol yotere imagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito TCP pamakina ogwiritsira kasitomala ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito maukonde osiyanasiyana kuti iwonetsetse kusintha kwa malamulo pakati pa malo olumikizidwa. Ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amalumikizana ndi kuchititsa kwina amakumana ndi vuto lokonza seva ya FTP malinga ndi zomwe kampani ikupereka zomwe zimafunikira kukonza malo kapena mapulogalamu ena.

Kulumikizana kotetezeka kwa maukonde a ma network ndikusinthana kwa chidziwitso pakati pawo kukugwirizana mwachindunji ndi madoko otseguka. Kulumikiza ndi kutumiza kwa magalimoto kumapangidwa kudzera pa doko linalake, ndipo ngati chatsekedwa mudongosolo, sizingatheke kuchita izi. Chifukwa cha izi, ogwiritsa ntchito ena akufuna kutumiza nambala imodzi kapena zingapo pakukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa chida.

Protocol ya SSH imagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka kulumikizidwa kotetezeka ku kompyuta, komwe kumalola kuwongolera kwakanthawi osati kudzera mu chigobacho cha opareting'i sisitimu, komanso kudzera m'njira yolumikizidwa. Nthawi zina ogwiritsa ntchito Ubuntu wogwiritsa ntchito amafunikira kuyika seva ya SSH pa PC yawo pacholinga chilichonse.

Virtual Network Computing (VNC) ndi njira yoperekera mwayi wakutali pakompyuta ya kompyuta. Chithunzithunzi chimafalitsidwa kudzera pa netiweki, mabatani a mbewa ndi makiyi a kiyibodi akukanikizidwa. Munjira yoyendetsera Ubuntu, kachitidwe kamatchulidwe kamaikidwako kaikidwe ka boma, pokhapokha njira ya mawonekedwe ndi makonzedwe atsatanetsatane amachitika.

Njira yodziwika bwino pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito ndikukhazikitsa njira ziwiri zoyendera limodzi. Nthawi zambiri imakhala Windows ndi imodzi mwazogawa zochokera pa Linux kernel. Nthawi zina ndi kukhazikitsa kotereku, mavuto amabwera ndi bootloader, ndiye kuti OS yachiwiri siyodzaza. Kenako iyenera kubwezeretsedwa yokha, ndikusintha magawo a dongosolo kukhala oyenera.

Imodzi mwa asakatuli odziwika kwambiri mdziko lapansi ndi Google Chrome. Sali onse ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amasangalala ndi ntchito yake chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zinthu zamagulu osati aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yoyendetsera tabu. Komabe, lero sitingafune kukambirana zabwino ndi zoyipa za tsambali

Nthawi zina zimakhala zosavuta kusunga mapulogalamu, ma fayilo ndi mafayilo osungira zinthu zakale, chifukwa amakhala ndi malo ocheperako pakompyuta, ndipo amatha kusuntha momasuka kudzera pazosefera zochotsa kumakompyuta osiyanasiyana. Imodzi mwamafayilo odziwika kwambiri amatengedwa ngati ZIP. Lero tikufuna kukambirana za momwe mungagwirire ntchito ndi mtundu wamtunduwu mu opareting'i Linux kernel, chifukwa pakachotseredwa zomwezo kapena kuwona zomwe zilimo mudzayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zina zowonjezera.

Nthawi zina ogwiritsa ntchito amakumana ndi kutayika kapena mwangozi kuchotsedwa kwa mafayilo ofunikira. Zoterezi zikabuka, palibe chomwe chatsala koma yesetsani kubwezeretsa chilichonse mothandizidwa ndi akatswiri. Amasanthula magawo a hard drive, amapeza zinthu zowonongeka kapena zotulutsidwa kale ndikuyesa kuzibweza.

Ogwiritsa ntchito ena akufuna kupanga intaneti patokha pakati pa makompyuta awiri. Ntchitoyi imatheka pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa VPN (Virtual Private Network). Kulumikizanaku kumayendetsedwa kudzera zofunikira komanso zotsekedwa ndi mapulogalamu. Pambuyo kukhazikitsa bwino ndikusintha kwa zigawo zonse, njirayi imatha kuganiziridwa kuti yatha, ndipo kulumikizidwa ndikutetezedwa.