Nthawi zambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito amakhala ndigalimoto imodzi yamkati pamakompyuta awo. Mukayamba kukhazikitsa dongosolo logwiritsira ntchito, limasweka nkukhala magawo angapo. Voliyumu iliyonse yomveka imakhala ndi udindo wosunga zinthu zina. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kupangidwe m'magulu osiyanasiyana a fayilo ndikupanga chimodzi mwazida ziwiri. Kenako, tikufuna kufotokoza mtundu wa pulogalamu ya disk yolimba mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingathere.
Ponena za magawo athupi - HDD imakhala ndi magawo angapo ophatikizidwa mu dongosolo limodzi. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri pamutuwu, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mutembenukire pazinthu zathu zotsatirazi, ndipo tidzapita kukasanthula chinthucho.
Onaninso: Kodi diski yovuta imakhala ndi chiyani
Makalata wamba
Mukamagawa disk yovuta, zilembo zosakhalitsa za voliyumu yamakina ndi CNdipo yachiwiri - D. Makalata A ndi B adavina chifukwa ma disopopopu amitundu yosiyanasiyana amadziwika motere. Ngati voliyumu yachiwiri ya hard disk ikusowa, kalata D liwonetsero la DVD likuwonetsedwa.
Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amagawa HDD m'magawo, kuwapatsa zilembo zilizonse. Kuti mumve zambiri momwe mungapangire chisokonezo pamanja, werengani nkhani yotsatirayi.
Zambiri:
Njira zitatu zopatula gawo lanu loyendetsa
Njira zochotsera magawo a hard drive
MBR ndi GPT Zida
Ndi mavoliyumu ndi magawo, zonse ndizosavuta, koma palinso zomangidwe. Sampulu yakale yanzeru imatchedwa MBR (Master Boot Record), ndipo imasinthidwa ndi GPT (GUID Partition Table). Tiyeni tikhazikike pa kapangidwe kalikonse ndipo tizilingalire mwatsatanetsatane.
MBR
Ma Drives okhala ndi MBR kapangidwe kake amakumbukiridwa pang'ono ndi GPT, koma amatchuka komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakompyuta ambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti Master Boot Record ndiye gawo loyamba la 512-byte HDD, limasungidwa ndipo silinasindikizidwe. Gawolo lili ndi udindo woyambitsa OS. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi kabwino chifukwa kamakupatsani mwayi wogawa gawo loyendetsa magawo osiyanasiyana. Mfundo yoyambira disk ndi MBR ndi motere:
- Dongosolo likayamba, BIOS imafikira gawo loyamba ndikupatsanso kuwongolera. Gawoli lili ndi code
0000: 7C00h. - Ma ma boti anayi otsatira ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wofufuza disk.
- Kenako, kusintha kwa
01BEh- Mapiritsi amtundu wa HDD. Pazithunzithunzi pansipa mutha kuona kufotokoza kwa gawo loyambirira.
Tsopano popeza magawo a disk afikiridwa, muyenera kudziwa malo omwe azigwiritsa ntchito OS. Woyamba m'mawu awa amawerengera gawo lomwe mukufuna. Otsatirawa amasankha nambala yamutu kuti ayambe kukweza, masilindala ndi nambala ya gawo, komanso kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe akukwanira. Ndondomeko yakuwerenga ikuwonetsedwa patsamba lotsatirali.
Ma bungwe a mbiri yakale yomaliza ya gawo laukadaulo omwe apangidwayo ndi omwe amatsogolera ukadaulo wa CHS (Cylinder Head Sector). Amawerengera nambala ya masilinda, mitu ndi magawo. Kuwerengera kwa magawo omwe atchulidwa kumayambira pomwe 0, ndi magawo ndi 1. Ndi powerenga izi zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gawo loyendetsa zovuta lizitsimikizika.
Choyipa cha dongosololi ndi kuchepa kochepa kwa kuchuluka kwa deta. Ndiye kuti, mu mtundu woyamba wa CHS, kugawa kumatha kukhala ndi kukumbukira kwakukulu kwa 8 GB, kumene, posachedwa kudasiya kukhala kokwanira. Adilesi ya LBA (Logical Block Addressing), momwe idapangidwira dongosolo, idasinthidwa. Kufikira 2 ma drive a TB tsopano amathandizidwa. LBA idapangidwanso, koma zosintha zidakhudza GPT yokha.
Takambirana bwino ndi gawo loyamba komanso lotsatira. Nkhani yotsirizayi, imasungidwanso, yotchedwaAA55ndipo ali ndi udindo wofufuza za MBR pa kuona mtima ndi kupezeka kwa zofunikira.
GPT
Tekinoloje ya MBR inali ndi zophophonya zingapo komanso malire omwe sakanatha kupereka ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa deta. Kuzikonza kapena kuzisintha kunalibe kanthu, motero limodzi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa UEFI, ogwiritsa ntchito adaphunzira za mtundu watsopano wa GPT. Adapangidwa kuti aziganizira kuchuluka kwamayendedwe akuthamanga ndi kusintha kwa ntchito mu PC, kotero ili ndiye njira yotsogola kwambiri. Amasiyana ndi MBR pamitundu yotere:
- Kuchepa kwa CHS kumathandizira; ntchito yokhayo yomwe yasinthidwa ndi LBA ndi yomwe imathandizidwa;
- GPT imasunga matepi awiri payokha - imodzi kumayambiriro kwa disk pomwe ina kumapeto. Njira yothetsera izi ilola kukonzanso gawo kudzera pamakopi osungidwa kuwonongeka;
- Chipangizocho chapangidwanso, chomwe tikambirane mtsogolo;
- Mutuwu umavomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito UEFI pogwiritsa ntchito cheke.
Onaninso: Kukhazikitsa cholakwika cholimba cha CRC
Tsopano ndikufuna kulankhula mwatsatanetsatane za mfundo zoyendetsera chipangizochi. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ukadaulo wa LBA ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pano, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti mugwire ntchito mosavuta ndi ma disks a kukula kulikonse, ndipo mtsogolomo muwonjezere zochulukirapo ngati pakufunika.
Onaninso: Kodi mitundu ya Western Digital driveives itanthauza chiyani?
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti gawo la MBR mu GPT lilinso, ndilo loyamba ndipo lili ndi kukula pang'ono. Ndikofunikira kuti ntchito yoyenera ya HDD ikhale ndi zida zakale, komanso sizimalola mapulogalamu omwe sakudziwa GPT kuti iwononge kapangidwe kake. Chifukwa chake, gawo ili limatchedwa chitetezo. Chotsatira ndi magawo 32, 48 kapena 64 kukula kwake, omwe amayang'anira gawo, amatchedwa mutu woyamba wa GPT. Pambuyo magawo awiri awa, zomwe zalembedwazo zikuwerengedwa, gawo lachiwiri la voliyumu, ndipo cholembera cha GPT chikutseka zonsezi. Dongosolo lonse lasonyezedwa pazenera pansipa.
Izi zambiri zomwe zingakhale ndi chidwi ndi wosuta wamba zimatha. Kupitilira - izi ndi zochenjera za gawo lililonse, ndipo izi sizigwiranso ntchito kwa ogwiritsa ntchito wamba. Pankhani ya kusankha kwa GPT kapena MBR - mutha kuwerenga nkhani yathu ina, yomwe imafotokoza kusankha kwa Windows 7.
Onaninso: Kusankha GPT kapena MBR Disk Kapangidwe Kogwira Ntchito ndi Windows 7
Ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti GPT ndi njira yabwinoko, ndipo m'tsogolo, mulimonse, muyenera kusintha kuti mugwire ntchito ndi onyamula mawonekedwe.
Onaninso: Momwe ma disk amatsenga amasiyana ndi zoyendetsa-state-state
Fayilo Kachitidwe ndi Kukonza
Ponena za kapangidwe kake ka HDD, munthu sangangotchulapo mafayilo omwe alipo. Inde, alipo ambiri a iwo, koma tikufuna kukhala pamtundu wa ma OS awiriwa, omwe ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amagwira nawo ntchito. Ngati kompyuta sangathe kudziwa fayiloyo, ndiye kuti hard drive imapeza mtundu wa RAW ndikuwonetsedwa mu OS momwemo. Buku lamanja lavutoli lilipo. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwire bwino za ntchitoyo pambuyo pake.
Werengani komanso:
Njira zosinthira mtundu wa RAW wamagalimoto a HDD
Zomwe makompyuta samawonera zovuta
Windows
- Fat32. Microsoft idayamba kupanga mafayilo ndi FAT, mtsogolomo ukadaulo wasintha kwambiri, ndipo mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri ndi FAT32. Zovuta zake zili poti sizinapangidwe kuti zipangike ndikusunga mafayilo akuluakulu, ndipo zimavuta kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu olemetsa. Komabe, FAT32 ndiyopezeka paliponse, ndipo popanga drive hard kunja, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mafayilo omwe amasungidwa awerenge kuchokera pa TV kapena wosewera aliyense.
- NTFS. Microsoft idayambitsa NTFS kuti isinthe FAT32 yonse. Tsopano makina amtunduwu amathandizidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya Windows, kuyambira XP, imagwiranso ntchito pa Linux, komabe pa Mac OS mutha kungowerenga zambiri, osalemba chilichonse. NTFS imasiyanitsidwa chifukwa chakuti ilibe zoletsa pa kukula kwa mafayilo ojambulidwa, idakulitsa chithandizo pamafomedwe osiyanasiyana, kuthekera kopanikiza magawo omveka ndipo kubwezeretsedwa mosavuta pansi pazowonongeka zosiyanasiyana. Makina ena onse amafayilo ali abwino kwambiri pazotulutsa zing'onozing'ono ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamagalimoto olimba, chifukwa chake sitingaganizire m'nkhaniyi.
Linux
Tapeza njira zamafayilo a Windows. Ndikufuna kuyang'ana mitundu yomwe idathandizidwa mu Linux OS, popeza ndiyotchuka pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito. Linux imathandizira kugwira ntchito ndi njira zonse za Windows file, koma tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa OS palokha pa FS yopangidwa mwapadera. M'pofunika kudziwa mitundu iyi:
- Zowonjezera inakhala fayilo yoyamba ya Linux. Ili ndi malire ake, mwachitsanzo, kukula kwakukulu kwa fayilo sikungadutse 2 GB, ndipo dzina lake liyenera kukhala pamtunda kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 255.
- Zowonjezera3 ndi Zowonjezera. Tidasinthira mitundu iwiri yapitayi ya Ext, chifukwa tsopano ndi yosathandiza kotheratu. Tilankhulanso zamitundu yambiri kapena yaposachedwa kwambiri. Chowonjezera pa FS ichi ndikuti imathandizira zinthu mpaka terabyte imodzi kukula, ngakhale Ext3 sinathandizire zinthu zazikulupo 2 GB pogwira ntchito pa kernel yakale. China chomwe ndikuthandizira pakuwerenga pulogalamu yolembedwa ndi Windows. Kenako kunabwera FS Ext4 yatsopano, yomwe imalola kusunga mafayilo mpaka 16 TB.
- Ext4 imatengedwa ngati wopikisana wamkulu Xfs. Ubwino wake ndi kujambula kwapadera kwa algorithm, amatchedwa "Kuchedwa kwagawa malo". Deta ikatumizidwa kuti ijambulidwe, imayamba kuikidwa mu RAM ndikudikirira kuti mndandawo usungidwe m'malo a disk. Kusamukira ku HDD kumachitika pokhapokha ngati RAM yatha kapena ikuchitika m'njira zina. Kuchita motere kumakupatsani mwayi wogawana ntchito zing'onozing'ono zazikulu ndikuchepetsa kugawanika kwa media.
Ponena ndi kusankha kwa fayilo yoyika OS, ndikwabwino kuti wosuta wamba asankhe njira yomwe akutsimikizira panthawi yoyika. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala Etx4 kapena XFS. Ogwiritsa ntchito apamwamba amagwiritsa ntchito FS pazosowa zawo, pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yake kuti amalize ntchitozo.
Makina a fayilo amasintha mutapanga drive, kotero iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe imakulolani kuti musangochotsa mafayilo okha, komanso kukonza mavuto ndi kuyenderana kapena kuwerenga. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge mwapadera momwe makonzedwe olondola a HDD amafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane momwe kungathekere.
Werengani zambiri: Kodi disk ndikusintha ndi momwe mungachitire bwino
Kuphatikiza apo, mafayilo amaphatikiza magulu azigawo m'magulu atatu. Mtundu uliwonse umachita izi mosiyanasiyana ndipo umatha kugwira ntchito ndi ziwerengero zingapo. Masango amasiyanasiyana, ang'onoang'ono ndi oyenera kugwira ntchito ndi mafayilo opepuka, ndipo okulirapo amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala osadukiza.
Kugawika kumawonekera chifukwa cha kusindikiza kosalekeza kwa deta. Popita nthawi, mafayilo omwe amagawidwa m'magawo amasungidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana a diski ndipo kuwongolera pamanja kumayeneranso kugawa malo awo ndikuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa HDD.
Werengani Zambiri: Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Kubera Hard drive Yanu
Pali zambiri zambiri zokhudzana ndi mtundu wa zida zomwe zikufunsidwa, tengani mafayilo amtundu womwewo ndi momwe mungawalembere kumagawo. Komabe, lero tayesera kukuwuzani mwachidule momwe zingakhalire pazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kudziwa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito PC aliyense yemwe akufuna kufufuza dziko lapansi pazinthu.
Werengani komanso:
Kubwezeretsanso zovuta pagalimoto. Kuyenda
Zowopsa pa HDD
