ART kapena Dalvik pa Android - ndi chiyani, chomwe ndibwino, momwe mungathandizire

Zinthu zam'manja za 2/2/2014

Google idayambitsa nthawi yatsopano yogwiritsa ntchito ngati gawo la pulogalamu ya Android 4.4 KitKat. Tsopano, kuwonjezera pamakina a Dalvik, makina amakono omwe ali ndi Snapdragon processors ali ndi mwayi wosankha chilengedwe cha ART. (Ngati mungapeze nkhaniyi kuti muphunzire momwe mungapangitsire ma ART pa Android, pitani kumapeto, chidziwitsochi chimaperekedwa pamenepo).

Kodi pulogalamu yowgwiritsira ntchito ndi chiyani ndipo makinawo amabwera kuti? Mu Android, kuyendetsa mapulogalamu omwe mumatsitsa ngati mafayilo a APK (ndipo omwe alibe makina), makina a Dalvik amagwiritsidwa ntchito (mosasintha, pakadali pano) ndipo ntchito zamagulu zimagwira.

M'makina a Dalvik pafupifupi, njira ya Just-In-Time (JIT) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira mapulogalamu, omwe amatanthauza kuphatikiza mwachindunji poyambira kapena pazochitika zina zaogwiritsa ntchito. Izi zimatha kudikirira nthawi yayitali mukadayamba ntchito, "mabuleki", kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri RAM.

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa chilengedwe cha ma ART

ART (Android RunTime) ndi makina atsopano, koma oyeserera, omwe adayambitsidwa mu Android 4.4 ndipo mutha kuwongolera pazosankha za wopanga (ziwonetsedwa pansipa momwe mungachitire izi).

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa ART ndi Dalvik ndi njira ya AOT (Ahead-Of-Time) mukamapereka ntchito, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kuphatikiza mapulogalamu omwe adayikidwa: potero, kuyika koyamba kwa pulogalamuyi kumatenga nthawi yayitali, adzatenga malo ambiri posungira chida cha Android , komabe, kukhazikitsa kwawo komwe kumachitika kudzachitika mwachangu (kwapangidwa kale), ndikugwiritsira ntchito pang'ono kwa processor ndi RAM chifukwa chakufunika kobwezeretsanso, kunganene, kungayambitse kugwiritsidwa ntchito kochepa mphamvu.

Monga chowonadi komanso chiti ndibwino, ART kapena Dalvik?

Pali mitundu yambiri yoyerekeza kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zida za Android m'malo awiri pa intaneti, ndipo zotsatira zake zimasiyana. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayesedwa kwambiri komanso mwatsatanetsatane chotere chimapezeka pa adminpolice.com (Chingerezi):

• ntchito mu ART ndi Dalvik,
• moyo wa batri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mu ART ndi Dalvik

Pofotokozera zotsatira zake, titha kunena kuti ART ilibe phindu lililonse pakadali pano (tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ntchito pa ART ikupitilira, chilengedwechi chimangokhala pachiyeso): m'mayeso ena, ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito sing'anga iyi ikuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino (makamaka momwe mungagwiritsire, koma osagwirizana ndi zonse), ndipo munjira zina zapadera sizingachitike kapena Dalvik ali patsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tikukamba za moyo wa batri, ndiye mosiyana ndi zoyembekezera, Dalvik amawonetsa zotsatira zofanana zofanana ndi ART.

Mapeto ambiri pamayeso ambiri ndikuti pali kusiyana koonekeratu mukamagwira ntchito ndi ART komanso Dalvik. Komabe, chilengedwe chatsopano ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwamo ntchito zimawoneka zodalitsika ndipo, mwina, mu Android 4.5 kapena Android 5, kusiyana kotereku kudzadziwika. (Kuphatikiza apo, Google ikhoza kupanga ART kukhala malo osakwanira).

Mfundo zingapo zofunika kuziganizira mukasankha zololeza chilengedwe Ma ART m'malo mwake Dalvik - ntchito zina mwina sizingagwire bwino ntchito (kapena sizingagwire ntchito konse, mwachitsanzo WhatsApp ndi Titanium Zosunga zobwezere), ndikukhazikitsanso zonse Android itha kutenga mphindi 10-20: ndiye kuti ngati mutatsegula ART, ndikadzayambiranso foni kapena piritsi, imazizira, dikirani.

Momwe mungathandizire ma ART pa Android

Kuti muthandizire chilengedwe zachipatala cha ART, muyenera kukhala ndi foni ya Android kapena piritsi yomwe ili ndi OS version 4.4.x ndi purosesa ya Snapdragon, mwachitsanzo, Nexus 5 kapena Nexus 7 2013.

Choyamba muyenera kuyambitsa makonda opanga mapulogalamu pa Android. Kuti muchite izi, pitani pazosankhazo, pitani ku "About foni" (Pafupi ndi piritsi) ndikudina gawo la "Pangani nambala" kangapo mpaka muwone kuti mwakhala wopanga.

Pambuyo pake, kusankha "Kwa Olimbikitsa" kudzawonekera m'makonzedwewo, ndipo - "Sankhani chilengedwe", momwe muyenera kukhazikitsa ma-ART m'malo mwa Dalvik, ngati mungafune.