Ma boardboard a mama ali mu kompyuta iliyonse ndipo ndi imodzi mwamagawo ake akuluakulu. Zida zina zamkati ndi zakunja zimalumikizidwa ndi iyo, ndikupanga dongosolo limodzi lonse. Chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa ndi tchipisi tambiri ndi maulumikizidwe osiyanasiyana omwe amapezeka paphale lomweli ndikulumikizana. Lero tikulankhula zazikulu za bolodi la amayi.
Onaninso: Kusankha bolodi la mama kompyuta
Makina Olimbitsa Makompyuta a Computer
Pafupifupi aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito amamvetsetsa udindo wa bolodi la PC mu PC, koma pali mfundo zomwe si aliyense amene amadziwa. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge nkhani yathuyi polumikizana pansipa kuti muphunzire nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane, koma tidzapitiliza kuwunikanso magawo ake.
Werengani zambiri: Udindo wa amayi pamakompyuta
Chipset
Muyenera kuyamba ndi cholumikizira - chipset. Kapangidwe kake ndi mitundu iwiri, yomwe imasiyana mu ubale wa milatho. Mlatho wakumpoto ndi kumwera ukhoza kupita payokha kapena kuphatikizidwa mu dongosolo limodzi. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi owongolera osiyanasiyana omwe akukwera, mwachitsanzo, mlatho wakummwera umapereka kulumikizana kwa zida zamtunda, zomwe zimakhala ndi ma hard disk controller. Mlatho wakumpoto ukugwira ntchito ngati yolumikizira purosesa, khadi yazithunzi, RAM ndi zinthu zomwe zikuyang'aniridwa ndi borata lakumwera.
Pamwambapa, tidapereka kulumikizana ndi nkhani "Momwe mungasankhire mama." Mmenemo, mutha kuzolowera mwatsatanetsatane ndikusintha ndi kusiyana kwa ma chipset kuchokera kwa opanga otchuka a chinthu.
Pulogalamu ya purosesa
Soketi ya processor ndi cholumikizira komwe chidacho chimayikiratu. Tsopano omwe opanga ma CPU ndi AMD ndi Intel, omwe aliwonse amapanga masikono apadera, kotero mtundu wa bolodi wa mama umasankhidwa kutengera CPU yosankhidwa. Ponena za cholumikizacho palokha, ndi yaying'ono yaying'ono yokhala ndi zikhomo zambiri. Kuyambira kumwamba, zitsulo zophimbidwa ndi mbale yachitsulo yokhala ndi chogwirizira - izi zimathandizira kuti purosesa ikhalebeete.
Onaninso: Kukhazikitsa purosesa pa bolodi la amayi
Nthawi zambiri, CPU_FAN socket yolumikiza magetsi ozizira imakhala pafupi, ndipo pamakhala mabowo anayi kuyiyika pa bolodi palokha.
Onaninso: Kukhazikitsa ndikuchotsa purosesa yozizira
Pali mitundu yambiri yamasokosi, ambiri a iwo ndi osagwirizana, chifukwa ali ndi mayanjano osiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe. Werengani momwe mungadziwire izi pazinthu zathu zina pazipangizo zili pansipa.
Zambiri:
Dziwani zofufuzira
Dziwani zitsulo zam'mabokosi
PCI ndi PCI-Express
PCI yachidule imapangidwira ndipo imamasuliridwa ngati kulumikizana kwa ziwalo. Dzinali linaperekedwa ku basi yolingana pa komputa yamakompyuta. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikutsatsa komanso chidziwitso. Pali zosintha zingapo za PCI, chilichonse chimasiyanasiyana pachimake cha bandiwifi, voliyumu ndi mawonekedwe amtundu. Malonda a TV, makadi omveka, ma SATA adapt, modemu ndi makadi akale a vidiyo alumikizidwa ndi cholumikizira ichi. PCI-Express imangogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya PCI, koma ndi yatsopano yopanga kulumikiza zida zina zambiri zovuta. Kutengera ndi mawonekedwe a slot, makadi a vidiyo, ma SSD, ma adaputala opanda zingwe a intaneti, makadi omveka a akatswiri, ndi zina zambiri zolumikizidwa nazo.
Chiwerengero cha mipata ya PCI ndi PCI-E pamabodi amama imasiyanasiyana. Mukamasankha, muyenera kulabadira kufotokozera kuti muwonetsetse kuti muli ndi malo oyenera.
Werengani komanso:
Timalumikiza khadi ya kanema pa bolodi ya PC
Sankhani makadi ojambula pamabodi
Maulumikiza a RAM
Malo otchedwa RAM amatchedwa ma DIMM. Ma boardboard onse amakono amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe. Pali mitundu ingapo ya izo, amasiyana manambala omwe amalumikizana ndipo sagwirizana wina ndi mnzake. Maulalo ambiri, chatsopano cha RAM chimayikidwa cholumikizira. Pakadali pano, kusinthidwa kwa DDR4 ndikofunikira. Monga momwe ziliri ndi PCI, kuchuluka kwa malo a DIMM pama modzera mamaboard ndi kosiyana. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zosankha zolumikizira ziwiri kapena zinayi, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wogwira awiri kapena anayi njira.
Werengani komanso:
Ikani ma module a RAM
Kuyang'ana kuyenderana kwa RAM ndi amayi
Chip BIOS
Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amadziwa BIOS. Komabe, ngati ino ndi nthawi yanu yoyamba kumva za lingaliro loterolo, tikulimbikitsani kuti mudzidzire nokha zina zomwe tili pamutuwu, zomwe mupezeko pa ulalo wotsatirawu.
Werengani zambiri: BIOS ndi chiyani
Khodi ya BIOS ili pamtundu wina womwe umayikidwa pa bolodi la amayi. Amatchedwa EEPROM. Kukumbukira kwamtunduwu kumathandizira kulakwitsa zambiri komanso kujambula zambiri, koma ndizochepa. Mu chiwonetsero pansipa, mutha kuwona zomwe chipangizo cha BIOS pa bolodi la mama chimawoneka.
Kuphatikiza apo, mfundo zamtundu wa BIOS zimasungidwa mu chip memory champhamvu chotchedwa CMOS. Imasunganso makompyuta ena. Izi zimathandizira kuphatikiza batire yosiyana, kuyimitsanso komwe kumayambitsa kukonzanso kwa BIOS kuzosintha fakitale.
Onaninso: Kusintha batire pa bolodi
SATA & IDE zolumikizira
M'mbuyomu, ma hard drive ndi ma drive ama drive anali kulumikizidwa pa kompyuta pogwiritsa ntchito IDE interface (ATA) yomwe ili pa bolodi la mama.
Onaninso: Kulumikiza kuyendetsa pa bolodi la amayi
Tsopano zomwe zikuluzikulu ndi zolumikizira za SATA pakusintha kosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimasiyana pakati pawo mwa liwiro losamutsa deta. Malo ophatikizika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zida zosungira mauthenga (HDD kapena SSD). Mukamasankha ziwalo, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuchuluka kwa madoko oterowo pa bolodi la amayi, chifukwa amatha kuchokera pazidutswa ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo.
Werengani komanso:
Njira zolumikizira hard drive yachiwiri ku kompyuta
Timalumikiza SSD ku kompyuta kapena laputopu
Maulalo olumikizira magetsi
Kuphatikiza pamitundu yosiyanasiyana pazinthu izi, pali zolumikizira zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi. Chachikulu kwambiri pa zonse ndi doko la bolodi la amayi lokha. Chingwe kuchokera ku magetsi chimakhala pamenepo, kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi azikhala ndi zinthu zina zonse.
Werengani zambiri: Lumikizani magetsi ku board
Makompyuta onse ali mumalondawo, omwe amakhalanso ndi mabatani osiyanasiyana, zizindikiro ndi zolumikizira. Mphamvu zawo zimalumikizidwa kudzera kulumikizana kwapadera kwa Front Panel.
Onaninso: Kulumikiza gulu lakutsogolo ndi bolodi la amayi
Zowonetsedwa payokha mawonekedwe a USB. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mayanjano asanu ndi anayi kapena khumi. Malumikizidwe awo akhoza kukhala osiyanasiyana, choncho werengani malangizo mosamala musanayambe msonkhano.
Werengani komanso:
Utoto wa zolumikizira za bolodi la amayi
Ma PWR_FAN makatani pa bolodi
Malo akunja
Zida zonse zapakompyuta zolumikizidwa zimalumikizidwa ndi bolodi ya kachitidwe pogwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira zodzipatulira. Pamphepete mwa bolodi la amai, mutha kuwona mawonekedwe a USB, doko lodziimira, VGA, doko la Ethernet, kutulutsa kwamayendedwe ndi kulowetsa komwe chingwe chochokera maikolofoni, mahedifoni ndi okamba mawu ayikidwa. Pa mtundu uliwonse wa zigawo, seti yolumikizira ndi yosiyana.
Tidasanthula mwatsatanetsatane zigawo zazikulu za bolodi la amayi. Monga mukuwonera, gululi lili ndi mipata yambiri, ma microcircuits ndi zolumikizira zamagetsi zolumikizira, zida zamkati ndi zida zapamtunda. Tikukhulupirira kuti zomwe zaperekedwa pamwambazi zikuthandizirani kumvetsetsa kapangidwe kazinthu izi PC.
Werengani komanso:
Zoyenera kuchita ngati bolodi la amayi silikuyamba
Yatsani pa bolodi la amayi popanda batani
Zoyipa zazikulu za bolodi la amayi
Malangizo otha kusintha ma capacitor pa bolodi la amayi
