Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, poyang'anizana ndi kufunika kosintha makasitomala ena amaimelo, akufunsa kuti: "Kodi protocol ya imelo ndi chiyani?" Zowonadi, kuti "chipange" pulogalamu yotere kukhala ngati imagwira ntchito bwino ndikuigwiritsa ntchito bwino, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zomwe zingapezeke zomwe zingaperekedwe, ndipo kusiyana kwake ndi enawo ndi kotani. Ndi za ma protocol a makalata, mfundo ya ntchito yawo ndi kuchuluka kwake, komanso mfundo zina zomwe zidzafotokozeredwe m'nkhaniyi.
Maimelo Otumizira
Pazonse, pali magawo atatu ovomerezeka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posinthana maimelo (kutumiza ndi kulandira) - awa ndi IMAP, POP3 ndi SMTP. Palinso HTTP, yomwe imakonda kutchedwa maimelo, koma ilibe ubale wapadera ndi mutu wathu wapano. Pansipa tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane aliyense wa protocol, kuzindikira mawonekedwe awo ndi kusiyana kwake, koma choyamba tiyeni timalongosole mawuwo.
Njira yotumizira maimelo, m'chinenedwe chosavuta komanso chomveka bwino, ndi momwe kusinthana kwa mameseji amagetsi kumachitikira, ndiko kuti, ndi njira yanji "yomwe imayimitsa" kalata imachokera kwa wotumiza kupita kwa wolandila.
SMTP (Protocol Yosavuta Yotumizira Makalata)
Protocol yosavuta yotumizira makalata - Umu ndi momwe dzina lathunthu la SMTP limasuliridwira ndi kusindikiza. Mulingo uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potumiza imelo mu ma network monga TCP / IP (makamaka, TCP 25 imagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza maimelo). Palinso mitundu yatsopano "yatsopano" - ESMTP (yowonjezeredwa SMTP), yovomerezeka mu 2008, ngakhale siyopatukana ndi Simple Mail Transfer Protocol tsopano.
Protocol ya SMTP imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma seva ndi othandizira onse kutumiza ndi kulandira makalata, koma ntchito zamakasitomala zomwe zimayang'aniridwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito wamba zimagwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yokha - kutumiza maimelo ku seva kuti ibwerezenso.
Maimelo ambiri, kuphatikiza ndi a Mozilla Thunderbird odziwika bwino, The Bat!, Microsoft Outlook, amagwiritsa ntchito POP kapena IMAP kulandira maimelo, omwe tidzakambirana pambuyo pake. Nthawi yomweyo, kasitomala wochokera ku Microsoft (Outluk) amatha kugwiritsa ntchito protocol yoyendera kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito akaunti yaogwiritsa ntchito pa seva yakeyayekha, koma izi nzosatheka kale pankhaniyi.
Onaninso: Kuthetsa Maimelo Kulandila Nkhani
POP3 (Post Office Protocol Version 3)
Mtundu wachitatu wa protocol ofesi (wotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi) ndi mulingo wothandizila womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu apadera a kasitomala kulandira maimelo apamagetsi kuchokera ku seva yakutali kudzera mu mtundu womwewo wolumikizira monga momwe zinalili ndi SMTP - TCP / IP. Mwachindunji pantchito yake, POP3 imagwiritsa ntchito nambala 110, komabe, polumikizana ndi SSL / TLS, 995 imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndi protocol yamakalata iyi (monga woimira wina wotsatira mndandanda wathu) yemwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa makalata mwachindunji. Osati zocheperako, izi ndizoyenera chifukwa POP3, pamodzi ndi IMAP, sizingothandizidwa ndi mapulogalamu okhazikika kwambiri oyang'anira, koma imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi otsogolera otsogolera mautumiki othandizira - Gmail, Yahoo!, Hotmail, ndi zina zambiri.
Chidziwitso: Muyezo pamunda ndiye mtundu wachitatu wa protocol iyi. Yoyamba ndi yachiwiri isanachitike (POP, POP2, motsatana) lero imawonedwa ngati yopanda ntchito.
Onaninso: Kukhazikitsa makalata a GMail mu kasitomala makalata
IMAP (Protocol Yopezera Mauthenga Paintaneti)
Ichi ndi pulogalamu yoyeserera yogwiritsira ntchito kulembera zamagetsi. Monga miyezo yomwe tafotokozazi, IMAP idakhazikitsidwa pa protocol yoyendera ya TCP, ndipo port 143 (kapena 993 yolumikizana ndi SSL / TLS) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchita ntchito yomwe yapatsidwa.
Kwenikweni, ndi Internet Message Access Protocol yomwe imapereka mwayi wambiri wogwira ntchito ndi zilembo ndi maimelo achindunji omwe amakhala pakompyuta yayikulu. Pulogalamu yamakasitomala yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito protocol iyi pantchito yake imatha kulembera makompyuta ngati kuti sasungidwa pa seva, koma pa kompyuta ya wosuta.
IMAP imakupatsani mwayi kuti muchite zonse zofunika ndi zilembo ndi bokosi (ma s) mwachindunji pa PC popanda kufunika kotumizira mafayilo ndi zolemba pama seva ndikulandiranso. POP3 yomwe takambirana pamwambapa, monga tafotokozera kale, imagwira ntchito mwanjira ina, "kukoka" deta yofunikira tikalumikiza.
Werengani komanso: Kuthetsa mavuto potumiza maimelo
HTTP
Monga tanenera kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyo, HTTP ndi njira yomwe sinapangidwe kuti kulumikizana ndi imelo. Nthawi yomweyo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popita ku bokosi la makalata, kulemba (koma osatumiza) ndikulandila maimelo. Ndiye kuti, imangogwira gawo limodzi la magawo azikhalidwe zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa. Ndipo, komabe, nthawi zambiri imatchedwa tsamba la webmail. Mwina gawo lina la izi lidaseweredwa ndi ntchito yomwe kale idakonda Hotmail, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito HTTP.
Kusankha Imelo Protocol
Chifukwa chake, popeza tazidziwa zomwe protocol iliyonse yamakalata ili, titha kupitilira osankhidwa mwachindunji. HTTP, pazifukwa zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa, ilibe chidwi ndi nkhaniyi, ndipo SMTP imayang'ana kuthetsa mavuto ena kupatula omwe amaperekedwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito wamba. Chifukwa chake, zikafika pakukhazikitsa ndikuwonetsetsa ntchito yoyenera ya kasitomala wamakalata, muyenera kusankha pakati pa POP3 ndi IMAP.
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi mwayi wofulumira kwa onse, osati makalata aposachedwa kwambiri, tikukulimbikitsani kuti musankhe IMAP. Ubwino wa protocolyi ndikuphatikiza kulumikizidwa komwe kumakhazikitsidwa, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wogwira ntchito ndi makalata pazida zosiyanasiyana - zonse munthawi yomweyo komanso machitidwe, kotero kuti zilembo zofunika azikhala pafupi. Choyipa chachikulu cha Internet Message Access Protocol chimayamba chifukwa cha magwiridwe akewo ndikuti kudzazidwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa malo a disk.
IMAP ilinso ndi maubwino ena ofunikira - imakupatsani mwayi wopanga zilembo mumayendedwe mwanjira yotsogola, pangani zolemba zosiyana ndikuyika mauthenga pamenepo, ndikuti, asanjeni. Chifukwa cha izi, ndizosavuta kulinganiza ntchito bwino komanso moyenera ndi makalata apakompyuta. Komabe, kubwezeretsa kumodzi kumachitika chifukwa chogwira ntchito yofunikira - limodzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malo aulere a disk, pali gawo lochulukirapo pa purosesa ndi RAM. Mwamwayi, izi zimadziwika pokhapokha pakugwirizanitsa, komanso makamaka pazida zamagetsi otsika.
Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3)
POP3 ndiyoyenera kukhazikitsa kasitomala wa imelo ngati gawo lalikulu limaseweredwa ndikupezeka kwaulere pamasewera pa seva (drive) ndi kuthamanga kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa izi: kuyimitsa chisankho chanu pa protocol iyi, mumadzikana nokha pazolumikizana pakati pazida. Ndiye kuti, ngati mutalandira, zilembo zitatu kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito Na. 1 ndikuazilemba kuti ziwerengedwe, ndiye kuti pa chipangizo Na. 2, chomwe chikugwiritsanso ndi Post Office Protocol 3, sizilembedwa.
Ubwino wa POP3 samangopulumutsa malo osungira disk, komanso osakhalako ndi katundu wocheperako pa CPU ndi RAM. Protocol iyi, mosasamala za mtundu wa intaneti, imakuthandizani kutsitsa maimelo onse, ndiko kuti, ndi zonse zomwe zalembedwapo. Inde, izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati mukulumikizana, koma IMAP yogwira ntchito kwambiri, ikungoyenda pamayendedwe ochepa kapena kuthamanga kwambiri, imangotsitsa mauthenga pang'ono, kapena kuwonetsa mitu yawo yokha, ndikusiyira zambiri zomwe zili pa seva "mpaka nthawi yabwino".
Pomaliza
Munkhaniyi tinayesa kupereka yankho mwatsatanetsatane komanso lomveka bwino la funso loti imelo. Ngakhale pali anayi aiwo, awiri okha ndiwofunika kwa wosuta wamba - IMAP ndi POP3. Oyamba adzakondwera ndi omwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makalata ochokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, amatha kupeza mwachangu zilembo zonse (kapena zofunika), kuzikonza ndikuzipanga. Lachiwiri limayang'ana kwambiri - mwachangu kwambiri pantchito, koma osakulolani kuigwiritsa ntchito pazida zingapo nthawi imodzi.
