BIOS (kuchokera ku Chingerezi. Basic Input / Output System) - makina othandizira / otulutsa, omwe ali ndi udindo woyambitsa makompyuta komanso magawo otsika a zigawo zake. M'nkhaniyi tiona momwe zimagwirira ntchito, zomwe zidapangidwira komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito.
BIOS
Mwakuthupi, BIOS ndi makina a microphula omwe amagulitsidwa kukhala chip pa bolodi la amayi. Popanda chipangizochi, kompyuta sichingadziwe zoyenera kuchita pambuyo pamagetsi -pamene mungayikitsire pulogalamu yoyendetsa kuchokera, kuthamanga komwe kuyenera kuthamanga, ngati chipangizocho chimatha kuyatsidwa ndikakanikizani batani la mbewa kapena kiyibodi, ndi zina zambiri.
Osati kuti asokonezeke "BIOS SetUp" (menyu ya buluu yomwe mutha kuigwiritsa ndikudina mabatani ena pa kiyibodi pomwe kompyuta ikuyamba) ndi BIOS motero. Yoyamba ndi imodzi chabe mwa mapulogalamu angapo olembedwa pa chipi chachikulu cha BIOS.
Tchipisi cha BIOS
Makina oyambira / otulutsa amatayika amalembedwa kokha pazida zosasungika. Pa bolodi ya kachitidwe, imawoneka ngati ma microcircuit, pafupi ndi batri.
Lingaliro ili ndi chifukwa chakuti BIOS iyenera kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse, ngakhale pali magetsi ku PC kapena ayi. Chip chimayenera kutetezedwa mosadalirika pazinthu zakunja, chifukwa ngati chiphadzuwa chachitika, ndiye kuti palibe malangizo mumakompyuta omwe angalole kuti ikweze OS kapena kuyigwiritsa ntchito pompano basi.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya tchipisi yomwe BIOS ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa:
- ERPROM (Erasable, repOMmable ROM) - zomwe zili mu tchipisi izi zitha kuchotsedwa chifukwa chidziwitso cha magwero a ultraviolet. Uwu ndi mtundu wakale wa chipangizochi chomwe sichikugwiritsanso ntchito.
- Eeprom (Magetsi amatha, ROM ikhoza kusinthidwa) - njira yamakono, deta yomwe ingawonongeke ndi chizindikiro chamagetsi, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi kuti musachotse chip kuchokera pamphasa. matabwa. Pazida zotere, mutha kusinthanso BIOS, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera kugwira ntchito kwa PC, kukulitsa mndandanda wazida zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi bolodi la amayi, ndikulakwitsa zolakwitsa ndi zophophonya zopangidwa ndi wopanga.
Werengani zambiri: Kusintha BIOS pa kompyuta
Mawonekedwe a BIOS
Ntchito yayikulu ndi cholinga cha BIOS ndi gawo lotsika, kusanja kwa zida zamagetsi zomwe zayikidwa mu kompyuta. Momwe "BIOS SetUp" imayang'anira izi. Ndi thandizo lake mutha:
- Konzani dongosolo nthawi;
- Khazikitsani zofunika kwambiri, ndiye kuti, fotokozerani chida chomwe mafayilo ayenera kuyikiratu mu RAM, ndikuwatsata bwanji;
- Yambitsani kapena tilepheretse magwiridwe antchito, kukhazikitsa voliyumu ya iwo ndi zina zambiri.
Kuchita kwa BIOS
Kompyuta ikayamba, pafupifupi magawo onse omwe amaikidwamo amatembenukira ku Chip BIOS kuti mupeze malangizo ena. Kudziyeserera koyesayesa kumeneku kotchedwa POST (kuyeserera pawokha). Ngati zigawo zopanda PC zikadakhala zopanda kuthekera kwa ma boot (RAM, ROM, zida zowonjezera / zotuluka, ndi zina), zidapambana mayeso ogwiritsa ntchito, BIOS imayamba kufufuza mbiri yayikulu ya boot (MBR). Ngati ayipeza, ndiye kuti OS amawongolera zinthuzi ndi kuzinyamula. Tsopano, kutengera mtundu wa opareting'i sisitimu, BIOS imasunthira kuyang'anira kwathunthu kwa zinthuzo (monga Windows ndi Linux) kapena zimangopereka mwayi wochepa (MS-DOS). Pambuyo pokweza OS, ntchito ya BIOS imatha kuonedwa kuti yatha. Kuchita koteroko kumachitika nthawi iliyonse kukayamba kwatsopano, ndipo pokhapokha.
BIOS yogwiritsa ntchito
Kuti mulowe menyu ya BIOS ndikusintha magawo mmenemo, mukungofunika akanikizani batani limodzi panthawi yoyambira PC. Kiyiyo imatha kukhala yosiyanasiyana kutengera mayi wopanga. Nthawi zambiri "F1", "F2", "ESC" kapena "DELETE".
Zosintha zamakina a zojambula / zotulutsa za onse opanga ma mamaboard zimawoneka chimodzimodzi. Mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti sangakhale ndi magawano pazigawo zazikulu (zomwe zalembedwa pagawo lotchedwa "Ntchito za BIOS" pazinthu izi).
Onaninso: Momwe mungalowe mu BIOS pa kompyuta
Mpaka pomwe zosintha zasungidwa, sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa PC. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusanja mosamala komanso molondola chilichonse, chifukwa cholakwika mu zoikamo za BIOS zitha kubweretsa osachepera kuyimitsa kompyuta, ndipo ngakhale pang'ono, zinthu zina za Hardware zitha kulephera. Itha kukhala purosesa, ngati liwiro la masanjidwewo ozizira likuziziritsa, kapena gawo lamagetsi silinapangidwe moyenera, ngati magetsi pama boardboard agawidwanso molakwika - pali zosankha zambiri ndipo ambiri aiwo akhoza kukhala ovuta pa chipangizocho chonse. Mwamwayi, pali POST yomwe imatha kutulutsa ziwonetsero zolakwika polojekiti, ndipo ngati pali okamba, ikhoza kutulutsa zikwangwani zomwenso zimawonetsa nambala yolakwika.
Kubwezeretsanso zoikika za BIOS kumathandizira kuthetsa zolakwika zingapo. Mutha kudziwa zambiri pankhaniyi patsamba latsamba lathu loperekedwa patsamba lolumikizidwa pansipa.
Werengani zambiri: Sinthani zosintha za BIOS
Pomaliza
Munkhaniyi, lingaliro la BIOS, ntchito zake zazikulu, mfundo yogwira ntchito, ma microcircuit omwe amatha kuyikapo, ndi zina zomwe zidaganiziridwa. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi inali yosangalatsa kwa inu ndipo takupatsani mwayi woti muphunzirepo zatsopano kapena kutsitsimutsanso zomwe muli nazo kale.
