Dongosolo Lakuyika kwa Debian 9

Dongosolo lothandizira la Debian ndi limodzi mwamagawo oyamba kwambiri kutengera Linux kernel. Chifukwa cha izi, kukhazikitsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri omwe asankha kuti adziwike ndi dongosololi zitha kuwoneka zovuta. Kuti mupewe mavuto nthawi yake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira malangizo omwe adzaperekedwa m'nkhaniyi.

Werengani komanso: Maofesi Otchuka a Linux

Ikani Debian 9

Musanayambe mwachindunji ndi kukhazikitsa kwa Debian 9, ndikofunikira kukonzekera. Choyamba, yang'anani zofunikira za dongosololi. Ngakhale sizofunikira mwanjira yamagetsi apakompyuta, kuti mupewe kusagwirizana ndikofunikira kuyendera tsamba lovomerezeka, pomwe chilichonse chikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Komanso konzekerani kuyendetsa kung'anima kwa 4GB, chifukwa popanda iwo simungathe kukhazikitsa OS pa kompyuta yanu.

Onaninso: Kukweza Debian 8 mpaka Version 9

Gawo 1: Tsitsani kugawa

Kutsitsa Debian 9 ndikofunikira pa webusayiti yovomerezeka ya mapulogalamu, izi zithandiza kupewa kachilombo ka kompyuta ndikulakwitsa kovuta mukamagwiritsa kale OS.

Tsitsani mtundu waposachedwa wa Debian 9 kuchokera patsamba latsambalo

1. Pitani patsamba lokopera la chithunzi cha OS pogwiritsa ntchito ulalo womwe uli pamwambapa.
2. Dinani pa ulalo "Zithunzi Zotulutsa CD / DVD".



3. Kuchokera pamndandanda wazithunzi za CD, sankhani mtundu wa opaleshoni yomwe ikukuyenererani.

   

   Chidziwitso: makompyuta omwe ali ndi ma processor a 64-bit amatsata ulalo "amd64", wokhala ndi 32-bit processors - "i386".

4. Pa tsamba lotsatira, pitani pansi ndikudina ulalo ndi kukulitsa ISO.

Pambuyo pake, kutsitsa kwa chithunzi cha Debian 9 kudzayamba. Mukamaliza, pitani ku gawo lotsatira la malangizowa.

Gawo 2: Wotani Chithunzi ku Media

Pokhala ndi chithunzi chomwe mwatsitsa pa kompyuta yanu, muyenera kupanga drivete ya USB yosakira nayo, kuti mutha kuyambitsa kompyuta kuchokera pamenepo. Njira ya momwe amapangidwira imatha kuyambitsa zovuta kwa wosuta wamba, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kutengera malangizo omwe ali patsamba lathu.

Werengani zambiri: Kulemba chithunzi cha OS ndikuyendetsa pa USB flash

Gawo 3: kuyambitsa kompyuta kuchokera pagalimoto yoyendetsa magetsi

Mukakhala ndi USB flash drive yokhala ndi chithunzi cha Debian 9 chojambulidwa, muyenera kuyiyika padoko la kompyuta ndikuyamba kuchokera pamenepo. Kuti muchite izi, lowetsani BIOS ndikusintha zina. Tsoka ilo, malangizo apadziko lonse lapansi, koma patsamba lathu mutha kudziwa zonse zofunikira.

Zambiri:
Kukhazikitsa kwa BIOS poyambira pa drive drive
Dziwani mtundu wa BIOS

Gawo 4: Yambani Kukhazikitsa

Kukhazikitsa kwa Debian 9 kumayamba ndi menyu wamkulu wa chithunzi chosakira, pomwe nthawi yomweyo muyenera dinani pazinthuzo "Kukhazikitsa pazithunzi".

Pambuyo pa izi, mtsogolo dongosolo limapangidwa mwachindunji, muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Sankhani chilankhulo chokhazikitsa. Pezani chilankhulo chanu ndikudina "Pitilizani". Chilankhulo cha Chirasha chidzasankhidwa munkhaniyi, mumachita zomwe mukufuna.



2. Sonyezani malo omwe muli. Mosakhazikika, mumapatsidwa chisankho kuchokera kudziko limodzi kapena zingapo (kutengera chilankhulo chomwe mwasankha kale). Ngati palibe mndandanda mndandanda, dinani pazinthuzo "china" ndikusankha pamndandanda, kenako dinani Pitilizani.



3. Tanthauzirani mawonekedwe oyika kiyibodi. Kuchokera pamndandanda, sankhani chilankhulo chomwe chingagwirizane ndi zosowa, ndikudina Pitilizani.



4. Sankhani makiyi otentha, mutatha kukanikiza komwe chiyankhulo chake chizisintha. Zonse zimatengera zomwe mungakonde - zomwe makiyi ndi osavuta kuti mugwiritse ntchito, ndikusankha.



5. Yembekezerani kutsitsa ndikuyika zina zowonjezera pamakina kuti mutsirize. Mutha kutsata zomwe zidakuchitika pang'onopang'ono poyang'ana chizindikiro.



6. Lowetsani dzina la kompyuta yanu. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito PC kunyumba, sankhani dzina lililonse ndikudina batani Pitilizani.



7. Lowetsani dzina lachigawo. Mutha kudumpha ntchitoyi ndikudina batani Pitilizaningati kompyuta igwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba.



8. Lowani mawu achinsinsi, kenako ndikutsimikiza. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mawu achinsinsi amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe amodzi, koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta kuti anthu osaloledwa sangathe kulumikizana ndi zomwe mumayendetsa. Pambuyo polowa, kanikizani Pitilizani.

   

   Chofunikira: musasiye minda yopanda kanthu, apo ayi simudzatha kugwira ntchito ndi zinthu zomwe zimafunikira ufulu woyang'anira.

9. Lowetsani dzina lanu lolowera.



10. Lowetsani dzina la akaunti. Onetsetsani kuti mukuzikumbukira, chifukwa nthawi zina zimagwira ngati cholowera kuti mupeze zinthu zomwe zimafunikira ufulu wa mkulu.



11. Lowetsani mawu achinsinsi ndi kutsimikizira, ndiye dinani batani Pitilizani. Zikhala zofunikira kulowa desktop.



12. Fotokozani gawo la nthawi.

Pambuyo pake, kukhazikitsa koyambirira kwamakina amtsogolo kumatha kuonedwa ngati kwathunthu. Woyikayo adzakweza pulogalamu yogawa ma disk ndikuwonetsa pazenera.

Otsatirawa ndi ntchito yachindunji ndi disk ndi magawo ake, omwe amafunikira kuwunikira mwatsatanetsatane.

Gawo 5: Kugawika kwa Disk

Pulogalamu yogawa ma disk ikupatsiridwa menyu momwe mungasankhire njira yogawirira. Mwa zonse, awiri okha ndi omwe amatha kusiyanitsidwa: "Auto - gwiritsani ntchito disk yonse" ndi "Pamanja". Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza mwatsatanetsatane aliyense payekhapayekha.

Kupatula Magalimoto

Izi ndi zabwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe safuna kudziwa zovuta zonse zakuya kwa disk. Koma posankha njirayi, mukuvomereza kuti zidziwitso zonse pa disk zidzachotsedwa. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito ngati diskiyo ilibe kanthu kapena mafayilo ake siofunika kwa inu.

Chifukwa chake, kuti musiyane ndi kuyendetsa galimoto palokha, chitani izi:

1. Sankhani "Auto - gwiritsani ntchito disk yonse" ndikanikizani batani Pitilizani.



2. Kuchokera pamndandandawu, sankhani pagalimoto komwe OS idzayikidwapo. Pankhaniyi, iye ndi m'modzi.



3. Fotokozani dongosolo la masanjidwe. Pali njira zitatu zomwe mungasankhe. Njira zonse zitha kudziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa chitetezo. Chifukwa chake pakusankha "Zigawo zapadera za / kunyumba, / var ndi / tmp", mudzatetezedwa momwe mungathere kuchokera kukubera kwina. Kwa wosuta wamba, ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha chinthu chachiwiri pamndandandawo - "Gawani magawo a kunyumba".



4. Mukawona mndandanda wazigawo zomwe zidapangidwa, sankhani mzere "Malizani zomata ndikulemba kusintha kwa disk" ndikanikizani batani Pitilizani.

Masitepe atatengedwa, njira yoyika makina iyamba, ikangomalizidwa, mutha kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito Debian 9. Koma nthawi zina mawonekedwe a disk sioyenera kwa wosuta, chifukwa chake muyenera kuchita pamanja.

Mawonekedwe a disk disk

Mawonekedwe a disk disk ndi abwino chifukwa mutha kuyimitsa magawo onse omwe mumafuna ndikusintha iliyonse kuti igwirizane ndi zosowa zanu. Kuti muchite izi, chitani izi:

1. Kukhala pawindo "Njira Yodutsa"kusankha mzere "Pamanja" ndikanikizani batani Pitilizani.



2. Sankhani makanema omwe Debian 9 adakhazikitsa pamndandanda.



3. Vomerezani kuti mugwirizane ndi patebulo loti mugawireko Inde ndi kukanikiza batani Pitilizani.

   

   Chidziwitso: ngati magawo omwe adapangidwa kale pa disk kapena mutakhala ndi pulogalamu yachiwiri yogwira, iwindo ili lidzatsitsidwa.

Pambuyo patebulo latsopanolo likapangidwa, muyenera kusankha magawo omwe mupange. Nkhaniyi ipereka malangizo atsatanetsatane a chitetezo chokwanira, chomwe ndi chabwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri. Pansipa mutha kuwona zitsanzo zosankha zina.

1. Unikani mzerewo "Mpando waulere" ndipo dinani batani Pitilizani.



2. Sankhani pawindo latsopano "Pangani gawo latsopano".



3. Fotokozerani kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira komwe mukufuna kugawa pansi pa gawo la dongosolo, ndikudina Pitilizani. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musankhe 15 GB.



4. Sankhani choyambirira mtundu wa magawo atsopano ngati simufuna kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu ena kuphatikiza pa Debian 9. Kupanda kutero, sankhani zomveka.



5. Mukafuna kudziwa komwe gawo loyambira likupezeka, sankhani "Kuyambira" ndikudina Pitilizani.



6. Khazikitsani zoikika za mizu chimodzimodzi ndi chitsanzo chomwe chili pansipa.



7. Unikani mzerewo "Kukhazikitsa kwa gawo kwatha" ndikanikizani batani Pitilizani.

Gawo lolumikizana lidapangidwa, tsopano pangani gawo loti lisinthane. Kuti muchite izi:

1. Bwerezani magawo awiri oyamba a malangizo apitawa kuti muyambe kupanga gawo latsopano.
2. Fotokozerani kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira komwe kuli kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa RAM yanu.
3. Pomaliza, sankhani mtundu wa kugawa kwake malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa magawa. Ngati alipo opitilira anayi, sankhani "Zomveka"ngati zochepa - "Poyamba".
4. Ngati mwasankha mtundu woyamba wa gawo, ndiye pazenera lotsatira sankhani mzere "Mapeto".
5. Dinani kawiri batani lamanzere lamanzere (LMB) pamzere Gwiritsani ntchito monga.



6. Kuchokera pamndandanda, sankhani Sinthani Gawo.



7. Dinani pamzere "Kukhazikitsa kwa gawo kwatha" ndikanikizani batani Pitilizani.

Gawo logawanitsa ndi kugwirizanirana komwe kunapangidwa, kumangokhala kotenga gawo lokhalokha. Kuti muchite izi, tsatirani malangizo awa:

1. Yambani kupanga kugawa pogawa malo onse otsalawo ndikusankha mtundu wake.
2. Khazikitsani magawo onse monga zikuwonekera pansipa.



3. Dinani kawiri pa LMB "Kukhazikitsa kwa gawo kwatha".

Tsopano mipata yonse ya disk yanu yolimba iyenera kugawidwa pang'onopang'ono. Muyenera kuwona china chonga ichi pazenera:

M'malo mwanu, kukula kwa gawo lililonse kumasiyanasiyana.

Izi zimakwaniritsa mawonekedwe a disk, kotero sankhani mzere "Malizani zomata ndikulemba kusintha kwa disk" ndikanikizani batani Pitilizani.

Zotsatira zake, mudzapatsidwa ripoti mwatsatanetsatane pazakusintha kwanu konse. Ngati zinthu zake zonse zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zidachitike kale, ikani kusintha Inde ndikudina Pitilizani.

Zosankha za Disk Zogawa

Pamwambapa adaperekedwa malangizo olemba chizindikiro pagalimoto yotetezeka. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ina. Zosankha ziwiri zidzafotokozedwa.

Kutetezedwa kofooka (koyenera kwa oyamba kumene omwe akungofuna kudziwa za dongosololi):

• kugawa # 1 - kugawa mizu (15 GB);
• Gawo # 2 - kusinthana magawo (mphamvu ya RAM).

Chitetezo chachikulu (choyenera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito OS ngati seva):

• kugawa # 1 - kugawa mizu (15 GB);
• gawo # 2 - / boot ndi gawo ro (20 MB);
• gawo # 3 - kusinthana gawo (kuchuluka kwa RAM);
• gawo # 4 - / tmp ndi magawo nosuid, nodev ndi noexec (1-2 GB);
• gawo # 5 - / val / chipika ndi gawo noexec (500 MB);
• gawo # 6 - / kunyumba ndi magawo noexec ndi nodev (malo otsalawo).

Monga mukuwonera, chachiwiri ndikofunikira kuti mupange magawo ambiri, koma mutakhazikitsa pulogalamu yogwiritsira ntchito mudzakhala otsimikiza kuti palibe amene angalowemo kuchokera kunja.

Gawo 6: Kukhazikitsa Kwathunthu

Mukangotsatira malangizo am'mbuyomu, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri za Debian 9 kumayamba.

Mukamaliza, mudzayenera kukhazikitsa magawo ena ochepa kuti mumalize kuyika kwathunthu kwa opaleshoni.

1. Pazenera loyamba la makina oyang'anira phukusi, sankhani Indengati muli ndi chowonjezera pagalimoto ndi magawo a dongosolo, apo pomwe dinani Ayi ndipo dinani batani Pitilizani.



2. Sankhani dziko lomwe galasi losungirako limapezeka. Izi ndizofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuthamanga kwambiri kwazinthu zina zowonjezera ndi mapulogalamu.



3. Dziwani Zazinsinsi za Debian 9 Archive "ftp.ru.debian.org".

   

   Chidziwitso: ngati mutasankha dziko lina pawindo lakale, ndiye kuti m'malo mwa "ru" pakalilore paliponse mtundu wina udzawonetsedwa.

4. Press batani Pitilizaningati simugwiritsa ntchito seva yovomerezera, onetsani adilesi yake mgawo lolowera lolowera.



5. Yembekezerani kutsitsa ndi kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu owonjezera ndi dongosolo kuti mukwaniritse.



6. Perekani yankho ku funso ngati mukufuna kuti dongosololi litumize ziwerengero osadziwika sabata iliyonse kwa omwe akupanga zomwe amagawa zokhudza maphukusi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.



7. Sankhani kuchokera pamndandanda wazenera zomwe mukufuna kudziwa pa pulogalamu yanu, ndi pulogalamu yowonjezera. Mukasankha, kanikizani Pitilizani.



8. Yembekezani mpaka zigawo zomwe zasankhidwa pawindo lapitalo zitatsitsidwa ndikuyika.

   

   Chidziwitso: Njira yotsiriza ntchitoyo imatha kukhala yayitali kwambiri - zonse zimatengera kuthamanga kwa intaneti yanu ndi mphamvu ya processor.

9. Perekani chilolezo chokhazikitsa GRUB mu mbiri yakale ya boot boot posankha Inde ndikudina Pitilizani.



10. Sankhani kuyendetsa kuchokera pamndandanda womwe GRUB bootloader ikakhalako. Ndikofunikira kuti ili pa disk yomweyo pomwe pulogalamu yoyendetsa yokha imayikidwapo.



11. Press batani Pitilizanikuyambiranso kompyuta yanu ndikuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito Debian 9 yatsopano.

Monga mukuwonera, kukhazikitsa dongosolo kwatha. Mukayambiranso PC, mudzatengedwera ku GRUB bootloader menyu, momwe muyenera kusankha OS ndikudina Lowani.

Pomaliza

Mukamaliza masitepe onse omwe ali pamwambapa, muwona desktop ya Debian 9. Ngati izi sizingachitike, onaninso mfundo zonse zomwe zili patsamba lothandizira kukhazikitsa ndipo ngati mukuwona zosagwirizana ndi zomwe mukuchita, yesaniso kuyambitsa njira yoyika OS kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.