Kuphunzira kujambula mu Inkscape graphices

Inkscape ndi chida chotchuka kwambiri cha vekitala. Chithunzi chomwe chili mmenemo sichijambulidwa m'mapikisheni, koma mothandizidwa ndi mizere ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Chimodzi mwamaubwino amasankho amnjira iyi ndi kuthekera kwakukula kwa chithunzichi osataya mtundu, zomwe ndizosatheka ndi zithunzi zoyipa. Munkhaniyi, tikufotokozerani za njira zoyambilira zogwirira ntchito ku Inkscape. Kuphatikiza apo, tidzasanthula mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito ndikupereka malangizo.

Tsitsani mtundu waposachedwa wa Inkscape

Maziko Akubwera

Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito a novice Inkscape. Chifukwa chake, tizingolankhula za njira zoyambira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwira ntchito ndi mkonzi. Ngati mutatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi muli ndi mafunso pawokha, mutha kuwafunsa ndemanga.

Mawonekedwe mawonekedwe

Tisanayambe kufotokoza za mawonekedwe a mkonzi, tikufuna kukambirana pang'ono za momwe mawonekedwe a Inkscape amagwirira ntchito. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mupeze zida zina mwachangu ndi kuyang'ana pamalo ogwirira ntchito mtsogolo. Pambuyo poyambira, mawonekedwe a osintha amawoneka chonchi.

Pazonse, malo akuluakulu 6 amatha kusiyanitsidwa:

Menyu yayikulu

Apa, momwe mungapangire zinthu zazing'onoting'ono ndi mapepala okhala pansi, ntchito zofunikira kwambiri zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito popanga zithunzi zimasonkhanitsidwa. Mtsogolomo tidzafotokoza zina mwa izo. Ndikufuna kudziwa mndandanda woyamba - Fayilo. Apa ndipomwe magulu otchuka monga "Tsegulani", Sungani, Pangani ndi "Sindikizani".

Ndi iyo, ntchito imayamba nthawi zambiri. Pokhapokha, Inkscape ikayamba, malo ogwiritsa ntchito a 210 × 297 millimeter (pepala A4) amapangidwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, magawo awa amatha kusintha mu subparagraph "Katundu Wosunga Zolemba". Mwa njira, ndi pano kuti nthawi iliyonse musintha mtundu wamtundu wa chinsalu.

Mwa kuwonekera pamzere womwe wasonyezedwa, muwona zenera latsopano. Mmenemo, mutha kukhazikitsa kukula kwa malo ogwirira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo wamba kapena kutchula phindu lanu m'magawo oyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kusintha mawonekedwe a chikalatacho, chotsani malire ndi kukhazikitsa mtundu wa chikwangwani.

Timalimbikitsanso kuti mupite ku menyu. Sinthani ndikuthandizani kuwonetsedwa kwa gulu lomwe lili ndi mbiri yakale yochita. Izi zikuthandizani kuti musinthe chimodzi kapena zingapo zomaliza nthawi iliyonse. Pulogalamu yomwe yatchulidwa idzatseguka gawo loyenera la wasintha.

Chida chachikulu

Ndi pagawo lino lomwe mumakonda kutchula zojambula. Nawa ziwerengero ndi ntchito zonse. Kuti musankhe chinthu chomwe mukufuna, ingodinani pachizindikiro chake kamodzi ndi batani lakumanzere. Ngati mungoyenda pamwamba pa chithunzi cha chida, muwona zenera lakutsogolo wokhala ndi dzina komanso mafotokozedwe.

Zida zankhondo

Pogwiritsa ntchito gululi, mutha kusintha magawo a chida chomwe mwasankha. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi kukana, kukula, muyeso wa radii, tilt angle, kuchuluka kwa angina, ndi zina zambiri. Iliyonse ya zomwe zili ndi mtundu wake wa zomwe angasankhe.

Adhesion Options Panel ndi Command Bar

Pokhapokha, amapezeka pafupi, pawindo lamanja la zenera ndipo amawoneka motere:

Monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, gulu lolondola la zosankha (ili ndi dzina lovomerezeka) limakupatsani mwayi wosankha ngati chinthu chanu chikuphatikiza chinthu china. Ngati ndi choncho, ndi pati komwe muyenera kuchita - pakatikati, pakati, kuzitsogolera, ndi zina zotero. Ngati mungafune, mutha kuyimitsa kwathunthu kutsatira zomatira. Izi zimachitika ndikakanikiza batani lolingana pagawo.

Mphatso yolamula, nayonso, idatulutsa zinthu zazikulu kuchokera pamenyu Fayilo, komanso kuwonjezera ntchito zofunika monga kudzaza, sikelo, gulu la zinthu ndi ena.

Ma swichi amtundu ndi bala

Madera awiriwa nawonso ali pafupi. Apezeka pansi pazenera ndipo amawoneka motere:

Apa mutha kusankha mtundu womwe mukufuna mawonekedwe, kudzaza kapena sitiroko. Kuphatikiza apo, batani yosakira ili pamtunda wapamwamba, womwe umakulolani kuti musunthe kapena kutulutsa chinsalu. Monga momwe machitidwe akuwonetsera, izi sizabwino kwambiri. Ndiosavuta kugwirira fungulo "Ctrl" pa kiyibodi ndikusinthira gudumu la mbewa kumtunda kapena pansi.

Malo antchito

Ichi ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazenera logwiritsira ntchito. Apa ndipomwe canvas yanu ili. Pafupi ndi gawo la malo ogwirira ntchito mudzawona zitsulo zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopukusa zenera m'mwamba kapena pansi mukamayandikira. Pamwamba ndi kumanzere kuli olamulira. Zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone kukula kwa ziwonetserozo, komanso kukhazikitsa atsogoleri ngati kuli kofunikira.

Pofuna kukhazikitsa atsogoleri Ngati mukufuna kuchotsa kalozera, ndiye kuti musunthire kwa wolamulira.

Ndizoona zonse zomwe tikufuna kukuwuzani choyambirira. Tsopano tiyeni tipite mwachindunji pazitsanzo zothandiza.

Kwezani chithunzi kapena kupanga chinsalu

Ngati mutsegula chithunzi cha bitmap mu mkonzi, mutha kupitiliza kukonzanso kapena kujambula chithunzi chojambulira kutsatira chitsanzo.

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito menyu Fayilo kapena njira zazifupi "Ctrl + o" tsegulani zenera losankha fayilo. Chongani chikalata chomwe mukufuna ndikudina batani "Tsegulani".



2. Menyu imawoneka ndi zosankha zoitanitsa bitmap mu Inkscape. Zinthu zonse zimasiyidwa zosasunthidwa ndikudina batani "Zabwino".

Zotsatira zake, chithunzi chosankhidwa chikuwonekera pamalo ogwiritsira ntchito. Poterepa, kukula kwa canvas ndikokha momwemo kuchitira chithunzi. M'malo mwathu, ndi pixel 1920 × 1080. Itha kusinthidwa kukhala ina. Monga tanena kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi, mtundu wa chithunzi sudzasintha. Ngati simukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chithunzi chilichonse ngati gwero, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chinsalu chokha chopangidwa zokha.

Dulani chidutswa cha chithunzicho

Nthawi zina pamachitika zinthu zina pakufunika kuti musakonzere chithunzi chonse, koma malo ake okha. Pankhaniyi, nazi zoyenera kuchita:

1. Sankhani chida Zingwe ndi Makwerero.
2. Sankhani gawo la chithunzi chomwe mukufuna kudula. Kuti muchite izi, dinani pachithunzicho ndi batani lakumanzere ndikulowera mbali iliyonse. Timatulutsa batani lakumanzere ndipo tikuwona makona. Ngati mukufuna kusintha malire, ndiye kuti tengani LMB pamakona amodzi ndikutulutsa.



3. Kenako, sinthani modula "Kupatula ndikusintha".
4. Dinani kiyi pa kiyibodi "Shift" ndikudina kumanzere pamalo aliwonse osankhidwa.
5. Tsopano pitani kumenyu "Cholinga" ndikusankha zomwe zili pachifaniziro pansipa.

Zotsatira zake, gawo lokhalo lomwe linali losankhidwa kale ndi lomwe lingatsalire. Mutha kupitilira gawo lina.

Gwirani ntchito ndi zigawo

Kuyika zinthu pazigawo zosiyanasiyana sikungangowononga malo, komanso kupewa kusintha mwatsatanetsatane pojambula.

1. Kanikizirani kuphatikiza kiyibodi "Ctrl + Shift + L" kapena batani Dongosolo Palette pa bar yalamulo.
2. Pazenera latsopano lomwe limatsegulira, dinani Onjezani Chigawo.



3. Iwindo laling'ono lidzawoneka momwe muyenera kupereka dzina kumtundu watsopano. Lowetsani dzina ndikudina Onjezani.



4. Tsopano sankhani chithunzichi ndipo dinani ndi batani loyenera la mbewa. Pazosankha zam'malemba, dinani pamzere Pitani ku Gulu.



5. Windo liziwonekeranso. Sankhani kuchokera mndandandandawo chithunzi chomwe asinthiracho, ndikudina batani lotsimikizira.



6. Ndizo zonse. Chithunzicho chinali pamanja pomwe. Kuti mukhale odalirika, mutha kusintha ndikudina chithunzi cha nyumba yachifumu pafupi ndi dzinalo.

Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kupanga zigawo zambiri momwe mungafunire ndikusamutsa mawonekedwe kapena chinthu china kwa iwo.

Zojambula amakona ndi mabwalo

Kuti mujambule manambala pamwambapa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho ndi dzina lomweli. Motsatira momwe zochita zikuwonekera motere:

1. Dinani kamodzi ndi batani lakumanzere pa batani la chinthu chogwirizana ndi gulu.
2. Pambuyo pake, sinthani cholembera mbewa kupita ku tchire. Gwirani LMB ndikuyamba kukoka chithunzi chowoneka cha rectangle komwe mukufuna. Ngati mukufuna kujambula lalikulu ndiye ingogwirani "Ctrl" pamene akujambula.



3. Ngati mungodina chinthu ndi kusankha chinthucho kuchokera pamenyu omwe akuwoneka Dzazani ndi Stroko, ndiye kuti mutha kusintha magawo oyenera. Izi zikuphatikiza mtundu, mtundu ndi makulidwe a contour, komanso mawonekedwe ofananawo.



4. Pazenera pazida zankhondo, mupeza zosankha monga "Wowongoka" ndi Radius Wosintha. Pakusintha izi, muzungulira gawo loyandikira. Mutha kuletsa izi ndikanikiza batani Chotsani Makona Ozungulira.



5. Mutha kusuntha chinthu mozungulira chinsalu pogwiritsa ntchito chida "Kupatula ndikusintha". Kuti muchite izi, ingogwirani LMB pamakona ndikusunthira kumalo oyenera.

Zojambula zozungulira ndi ovara

Mabwalo amkati mwake amakokedwa chimodzimodzi ngati rectangles.

1. Sankhani chida chomwe mukufuna.
2. Pa canvas, gwiritsani batani lamanzere lamanzere ndikusuntha chotembezera komwe mukufuna.



3. Pogwiritsa ntchito nyumbazi, mutha kusintha mawonekedwe a bwalo ndi momwe amasinthira. Kuti muchite izi, ingosonyezani digiri yomwe mukufuna mu gawo lolingana ndikusankha imodzi mwa mitundu itatu ya mabwalo.



4. Monga ma rectangles, mabwalo amatha kukhazikitsidwa kuti adzaze ndikugundika mtundu kudzera pamenyu yankhani.
5. Kusuntha chinthu mozungulira chinsalu pogwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyo "Zowonekera".

Zojambula ndi nyenyezi ndi ma polygons

Ma Polygons aku Inkscape amatha kujambulidwa mumasekondi ochepa. Kuti muchite izi, pali chida chapadera chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi kuti mumvetse bwino mtundu uwu.

1. Yambitsani chida patsamba "Nyenyezi ndi Polygons".
2. Gwiritsani batani lakumanzere pabokosi ndi kusuntha chotembezera chilichonse chomwe chilipo. Zotsatira zake, mumalandira chithunzi chotsatira.



3. Pazida za chida ichi, mutha kukhazikitsa magawo monga "Chiwerengero cha ngodya", "Chiwopsezo cha radiyo", Kuzungulira ndi "Kusokoneza". Mwa kuzisintha, mudzapeza zotsatira zosiyana.



4. Katundu monga utoto, sitiroko ndikuyenda mozungulira kusintha kwa canvas chimodzimodzi ndi ziwerengero zam'mbuyomu.

Chithunzi chojambula

Ichi ndi chiwerengero chomaliza chomwe tikufuna kukuwuzani m'nkhaniyi. Njira yojambulira sikusiyana ndi yapita.

1. Sankhani chinthucho pazida "Spiral".
2. Tikugwira malo a LMB ndikuwongolera cholemba, osatulutsa batani, paliponse.



3. Pazenera la katundu, nthawi zonse mungasinthe kuchuluka kwa kutembenuka, ma radius ake amkati ndi mzere wosagwirizana.



4. Chida "Zowonekera" imakupatsani mwayi kuti musinthe chithunzicho ndikuchisuntha mkati mwa chinsalu.

Kusintha mayendedwe ndi zotumphukira

Ngakhale kuti ziwerengero zonse ndizosavuta, zilizonse zimatha kusintha popanda kuzindikira. Ndithokoze izi kuti zithunzi za vector zimapezeka chifukwa chake. Kuti musinthe ma fayilo, muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Sankhani chilichonse chojambulidwa ndi chida. "Zowonekera".



2. Kenako, pitani ku menyu Contour ndikusankha chinthucho mndandandandawo Lembani Zofunikira.



3. Pambuyo pake, yatsani chida "Kusintha mayendedwe ndi otseguka".



4. Tsopano muyenera kusankha kwathunthu chiwerengerocho. Ngati mudachita chilichonse molondola, ndiye kuti zilembozo zizipaka utoto wa chinthucho.
5. Pazenera la katundu, dinani batani loyambirira Ikani Malo.



6. Zotsatira zake, malo atsopano adzawonekera pakati pa malo omwe alipo.

Izi zitha kuchitika osati ndi chiwerengero chonse, koma pokhapokha ndi malo omwe adasankhidwa. Powonjezera mawonekedwe atsopano, mutha kusintha mawonekedwe a chinthucho. Kuti muchite izi, ingosunthani chikhomo cha mbewa pamtunda womwe mukufuna, gwiritsitsani LMB ndikukoka mbaliyo molondola. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chida chokoka m'mphepete. Chifukwa chake, dera la chinthucho lidzakhala lopendekera kapena lolowera.

Zojambula zaulere

Ndi ntchito iyi, mutha kujambula mizere yonse yowongoka ndi mawonekedwe olimbana. Chilichonse chimachitika mophweka.

1. Sankhani chida ndi dzina loyenerera.
2. Ngati mukufuna kujambulira mzere wotsika, ndiye dinani pomwepo paliponse pa batani la mbewa yakumanzere. Uwu ndiye poyambira kujambula. Pambuyo pake, sinthani cholozera komwe mukufuna kuwona mzere womwewu.
3. Mutha kuchezanso kamodzi ndi batani lakumanzere pa tchire ndikukutambitsani chozungulira mbali iliyonse. Zotsatira zake ndi mzere wosalala.

Zindikirani kuti mizere, monga mawonekedwe, imatha kusunthidwa mozungulira tchivali, kukhazikika pamitengo, komanso kusinthidwa.

Zojambula za Bezier Curves

Chida ichi chimakupatsaninso mwayi wogwira ntchito ndi mizere yowongoka. Kukhala kothandiza kwambiri munthawi yomwe muyenera kujambulira chithunzi cha chinthu molunjika kapena kujambula china chake.

1. Timayendetsa ntchito, yomwe imatchedwa - "Bezier majika ndi mizere yowongoka".
2. Kenako, dinani kamodzi ndikudina kumanzere pa batani. Kamvekedwe kalikonse kamalumikizidwa ndi mzere wolunjika ndi woyamba. Ngati nthawi yomweyo mumagwira zojambulazo, mutha kugwada nthawi yomweyo.



3. Monga nthawi zina zonse, mutha kuwonjezera zatsopano pamizere iliyonse nthawi iliyonse, kusanjanso ndi kusuntha mawonekedwe a chithunzi chomwe chotsatira.

Kugwiritsa ntchito cholembera cha calligraphy

Monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, chida ichi chidzakuthandizani kuti mupange zolemba zokongola kapena zojambula. Kuti muchite izi, ingosankhani, sinthani katundu (angle, fixation, wide, ndi zina) ndipo mutha kuyamba kujambula.

Powonjezera Zolemba

Kuphatikiza pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mizere, mu mkonzi tafotokozanso mutha kugwira ntchito ndi malembawo. Chochititsa chidwi ndi njirayi ndikuti poyamba malembawo amatha kulembedwa ngakhale mumalonda ochepa. Koma ngati mungachulukitse, ndiye kuti chithunzicho sichingatayike konse. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito zolemba mu Inkscape ndiyosavuta kwambiri.

1. Sankhani chida "Zinthu zolembedwa".
2. Tikuwonetsa zomwe ali mu gulu lolumikizana.
3. Tikuyika chikhomo cholumikizira m'malo mwa chinsalu chomwe tikufuna kuyikamo nokha. M'tsogolo zitha kusuntha. Chifukwa chake, musachotse zotsatirazo ngati mwayika malembawo pamalo olakwika.
4. Zimangokhala kulemba mawu omwe mukufuna.

Chowunikira chinthu

Pali chinthu chimodzi chosangalatsa mu mkonzi uno. Zimalola masekondi angapo kuti mudzaze malo onse ogwirira ntchito ndi mawonekedwe omwewo. Pali zinthu zambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchitoyi, choncho tinasankha kuti tisadutse.

1. Choyamba, muyenera kujambula mawonekedwe kapena chinthu chilichonse pavichi.
2. Kenako, sankhani ntchito "Spray zinthu".
3. Muwona zozungulira pama radius ena. Sinthani malo ake, ngati mukuwona kuti ndikofunikira. Izi zikuphatikizapo ma radius a bwalo, kuchuluka kwa ziwonetsero, ndi zina zotero.
4. Sunthani chida kumalo a malo ogwirira ntchito komwe mukufuna kuti pakhale mawonekedwe a chinthu chomwe chinali chitapangidwa kale.
5. Gwirani LMB ndikuyigwira monga momwe mukuwonera.

Zotsatira zake ziyenera kukhala ngati izi.

Chotsani zinthu

Mutha kuvomereza kuti palibe chojambula chomwe chingachitike popanda chofufutira. Ndipo ku Inkscape kulinso chimodzimodzi. Ndi momwe mungachotsere zinthu zomwe zimakokedwa mu chinsalu, titha kunena kumapeto.

Mwachisawawa, chilichonse kapena gulu la zotere limatha kusankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi "Zowonekera". Zitatha izi, dinani batani pa kiyibodi "Del" kapena Chotsani ", kenako zinthu zonse zidzachotsedwa. Koma ngati mungasankhe chida chapadera, mutha kungochotsa zidutswa za chithunzi kapena chithunzi.Ntchitoyi imagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo zofufutira mu Photoshop.

Ndi njira zonse zofunika zomwe tingakonde kukambirana pankhaniyi. Mwa kuphatikiza ndi wina ndi mnzake, mutha kupanga zithunzi za vekitala. Zachidziwikire, pali zinthu zina zambiri zothandiza mu Inkscape arcane. Koma kuti mugwiritse ntchito, muyenera kukhala kuti muli ndi chidziwitso chozama. Kumbukirani kuti nthawi ina iliyonse mutha kufunsa funso lanu pam ndemanga za nkhaniyi. Ndipo ngati mutawerenga nkhaniyo mukukayikira zakufunika kwa mkonziyu, ndiye kuti tikulimbikitsani kudziwa zomwe zikufanizira. Pakati pawo simudzangopeza akonzi veter, komanso okhazikika.

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