Sankhani makadi ojambula pamabodi

Makina owonjezera (makatoni) owonjezera amafunikira ngati purosesa ilibe chithunzi ndi / kapena kompyuta ikuyenera kugwira ntchito molondola pamasewera olemera, osintha zithunzi ndi mapulogalamu osintha mavidiyo.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chosinthira mavidiyo chikuyenera kukhala chogwirizana momwe mungathere ndi chosinthira ma adapter ndi purosesa yomwe ilipo. Komanso, ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta pazowonjezera zojambulajambula, onetsetsani kuti bolodiyo ikhoza kukhazikitsa dongosolo lowonjezera lozizira pa khadi ya kanema.

Za opanga

Kutulutsidwa kwamakhadi ojambula pazithunzi zodziwika ponseponse ndi opanga ochepa okha. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kupanga ma adapter pazithunzi kumakhazikitsidwa paukadaulo wa NVIDIA, AMD kapena Intel. Mabungwe onse atatuwa akugwira ntchito ndikupanga makadi a vidiyo, taganizirani za kusiyana kwawo kofunikira.

• Nvidia - Kampani yotchuka kwambiri yomwe imapanga ma adapter azithunzi pazakudya zambiri. Zogulitsa zake poyambirira zimangokhala za ochita masewera komanso omwe amagwira ntchito ndi makanema ndi / kapena zithunzi. Ngakhale mitengo yotsika mtengo imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri (osafunikira kwambiri) amakonda kampaniyi. Ma adapter ake ndi odalirika, magwiridwe antchito komanso kugwirizanitsa bwino;
• AMD - Wampikisano wamkulu wa NVIDIA, akuchita nawo ntchito yopanga makadi a kanema pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wake. Molumikizana ndi purosesa ya AMD, momwe mumakhala chosakanizira cha zithunzi, zinthu zofiira zimapereka ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri. Ma adapter a AMD ndi othamanga kwambiri, ochulukirapo bwino, koma amakhala ndi zovuta zothetsera komanso kugwirizanitsa ndi omwe akupikisana nawo "Blue", koma siokwera mtengo kwambiri;



• Intel - Choyamba, amapanga mapurosesa okhala ndi chosakanizira pamalumikizidwe ogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wawo, koma kupanga ma adapter azithunzi kumayikidwanso. Makhadi a vidiyo a Intel samasiyana pamachitidwe apamwamba, koma amatenga mtundu wawo komanso kudalirika, chifukwa chake, ali abwino kwa "makina aofesi" wamba. Nthawi yomweyo, mtengo wawo umakhala wokwera kwambiri;



• Msi - amatulutsa makadi evidiyo molingana ndi patent yochokera ku NVIDIA. Choyamba, pali chidwi pa eni makina amasewera ndi zida zamakono. Zogulitsa za kampaniyi ndizokwera mtengo, koma nthawi imodzimodzi zimakhala zogulitsa, zapamwamba kwambiri komanso sizimayambitsa zovuta;



• Gigabyte - Wina wopanga makompyuta, omwe pang'onopang'ono akukonzekera gawo la makina a masewera. Imapanga makadi a kanema ogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa NVIDIA, koma ayesapo kupanga makadi okhala ndi mawonekedwe a AMD. Ntchito yama adaputala ojambula kuchokera kwa wopanga sizimayambitsa madandaulo akulu, komanso ali ndi mtengo wololera pang'ono kuposa MSI ndi NVIDIA;



• Asus - wopanga wotchuka kwambiri wazida zamakompyuta pamsika wama makompyuta ndi zida zina. Posachedwa, adayamba kupanga makadi a kanema malinga ndi NVIDIA yokhazikika ndi AMD. Mwambiri, kampaniyo imapanga ma adapter pazithunzi zamasewera ndi makompyuta, koma palinso zitsanzo zotsika mtengo zamagulu opezekera kunyumba.

Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti makadi a kanema agawidwa m'magulu angapo apadera:

• NVIDIA GeForce. Mzerewu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi onse opanga omwe amapereka makhadi malinga ndi muyezo wa NVIDIA;
• AMD Radeon. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi AMD yokha komanso opanga omwe amapanga zinthu malinga ndi miyezo ya AMD;
• Zojambula za Intel HD. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Intel yokha.

Zojambula Pazithunzi za Khadi

Ma boardboard onse amakono amakhala ndi cholumikizira chapadera cha PCI, chomwe mungathe kulumikiza adapter yowonjezera ndi zina zina. Pakadali pano, agawika m'magulu awiri: PCI ndi PCI-Express.

Njira yoyamba ikusintha mwachangu ndipo sinakhale ndi bandwidth yabwino, kotero kugula chosinthira champhamvu pazida sikumveka, chifukwa chomaliza chidzagwira theka lokha la mphamvu zake. Koma amachita bwino ndi makadi ojambula a bajeti a "makina amaofesi" ndi malo ophatikizira amawu. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti muwone ngati khadi ya kanema imathandizira kulumikizana kwamtunduwu. Zojambula zina zamakono (ngakhale gawo la bajeti) sizingagwire cholumikizira.

Njira yachiwiri imakonda kupezeka m'mabodi amakono ndipo imathandizidwa ndi makadi onse azithunzi, kupatula mitundu yakale kwambiri. Ndi bwino kugula ma adapter azithunzi (kapena ma adapter angapo) chifukwa, chifukwa basi yake imapereka bandwidth yokwanira ndikugwirizana bwino ndi purosesa, RAM ndikugwira ntchito ndi makadi angapo a kanema limodzi. Komabe, ma boardboard a amayi cholumikizira awa akhoza kukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri.

Gawo la PCI litha kugawidwa m'mitundu ingapo - 2.0, 2.1 ndi 3.0. Kutalika kwake kumasulira, kumakhala kwabwino bandwidth ndi khadi ya kanema molumikizana ndi zinthu zina za PC. Ngakhale mtundu wa cholumikizira, zitheka kukhazikitsa adapter iliyonse mmenemo popanda mavuto ngati itakwanira cholumikizira ichi.

Komanso pamabodi akale kwambiri a amayi, mutha kupeza m'malo mwa olumikizirana ndi PCI masiku ano, socket ngati AGP. Ichi ndi cholumikizira chachikale ndipo palibe chilichonse chomwe chimapangidwira, ngati amayi anu ndi okalamba kwambiri, ndiye kuti kanema watsopano watsopano wolumikizira uyu amakhala wovuta kwambiri kupeza.

About tchipisi tavidiyo

Chipi cha mavidiyo ndi purosesa ya mini yomwe imalumikizidwa pakupanga khadi ya kanema. Mphamvu ya adapter pazithunzi zimatengera icho, ndipo kuphatikiza kwake ndi zida zina zamakompyuta (makamaka ndi purosesa yapakati ndi chipsetboard cha mama). Mwachitsanzo, makadi amakanema a AMD ndi Intel ali ndi tepi yamakanema yomwe imapereka mawonekedwe abwino pokhapokha ndi purosesa ya wopanga yekha, apo ayi mumataya kwambiri ntchito ndi mtundu wa ntchito.

Kuchita kwa tchipisi tavidiyo, mosiyana ndi purosesa yapakatikati, sikamayesedwa mu ma cores ndi pafupipafupi, koma pamagulu a shader (computing). M'malo mwake, izi ndi zina zofanana ndi mini-cores za purosesa yapakatikati, m'makadi a vidiyo okha omwe ambiri amawerengeka akhoza kufika masauzande. Mwachitsanzo, makadi opangira bajeti amakhala ndi zotchinga 400-600, avareji ya 600-1000, kutalika kwa 1000-2800.

Yang'anirani ntchito yopanga chip. Zawonetsedwa mu nanometers (nm) ndipo ziyenera kukhala 14 mpaka 65 nm m'makadi amakono evidiyo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa khadi ndikuwonetsa kuyendetsedwa kwake kumadalira momwe mtengo wake ulili wocheperako. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugula Mitundu yotsika mtengo kwambiri, monga ali ophatikiza, amawononga mphamvu zochepa komanso chofunikira kwambiri - amaphatikiza pang'ono.

Kuchita Kwake Kwa Makumbukidwe A kanema

Kukumbukira kwamavidiyo kumakhala ndi china chofanana ndi kukumbukira kukumbukira, koma kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti imagwira ntchito pang'ono molingana ndi mfundo zina ndipo imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ambiri. Ngakhale izi, ndikofunikira kuti kukumbukira kwakanema ndikogwirizana momwe kungathere ndi RAM, purosesa ndi bolodi la amayi, monga Kanema amathandizira makulidwe amakumbukidwe kanema, pafupipafupi ndi mtundu.

Msika tsopano umapereka makadi a kanema omwe amakhala ndi GDDR3, GDDR5, GDDR5X ndi HBM. Chotsirizachi ndi muyezo wa AMD, womwe umangogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wopanga, chifukwa chake zida zopangidwa molingana ndi muyezo wa AMD zitha kukhala ndi mavuto akulu ogwira ntchito ndi zinthu kuchokera kwa opanga ena (makadi a kanema, mapurosesa). Pankhani yogwira ntchito, HBM ndichinthu pakati pa GDDR5 ndi GDDR5X.

GDDR3 imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakadi ojambula ojambula omwe ali ndi chip chofooka, monga Mphamvu yayikulu yochita kusunthira imafunikira pokonzanso njira yayikulu yowerenga kukumbukira. Makumbukidwe amtunduwu amakhala ndi kutsika kochepa kwambiri pamsika - kuyambira 1600 MHz mpaka 2000 MHz. Sichikulimbikitsidwa kugula adapta yamagalimoto yokhala ndi ma frequency memory pamunsi pa 1600 MHz, monga pamenepa ngakhale masewera ofooka adzagwira ntchito kwambiri.

Mtundu wokumbukira wotchuka kwambiri ndi GDDR5, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pagululi lamtengo wapakatikati ngakhale mu mitundu ina ya bajeti. Kutalika kwa wotchi yamakedzedwe ngati iyi ndi pafupifupi 2000-3600 MHz. Ma adapter okwera mtengo amagwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira mitundu - GDDR5X, yomwe imapereka liwiro lalikulu kwambiri losamutsa deta komanso imakhala ndi pafupipafupi mpaka 5000 MHz.

Kuphatikiza pa mtundu wa kukumbukira, samalani ndi kuchuluka kwake. M'mabodi a bajeti pali pafupifupi 1 GB ya makanema ojambula, mkati mwa mtengo wapakati ndizowona kupeza mitundu yokhala ndi makutu a 2 GB. Mugawo lamtengo wapatali kwambiri, makadi a kanema omwe ali ndi 6 GB ya kukumbukira amatha kupezeka. Mwamwayi, pakugwira ntchito mwadongosolo kwamasewera amakono kwambiri, mawonekedwe a zithunzi omwe ali ndi 2 GB ya kukumbukira makanema ndikwanira. Koma ngati mukufuna kompyuta yamasewera yomwe imatha kukoka masewera olimbitsa thupi zaka 2-3, ndiye kuti mugule makadi a kanema omwe mukukumbukira kwambiri. Komanso, musaiwale kuti ndibwino kukonda mtundu wa kukumbukira GDDR5 ndi zosintha zake, pamenepa simuyenera kuthamangitsa kuchuluka kwakukulu. Ndikwabwino kugula khadi ndi 2 GB GDDR5 kuposa 4 GB GDDR3.

Komanso samalani ndi kukula kwa basi kuti musamutse deta. Palibe chifukwa ngati zingakhale zochepa kuposa 128, apo ayi, mudzakhala otsika kwambiri pafupifupi mapulogalamu onse. Mulingo wokwanira bwino wamabasi umasiyana pakati pa mayeso a 128 384.

Zojambula Padi Khadi Mphamvu

Ma boardboard ena aamagetsi ndi magetsi samatha kuthandizira magetsi omwe amafunikira komanso / kapena alibe zolumikizira zapadera kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito khadi yazithunzi yofunika, kotero kumbukirani izi. Ngati ma adapter pazithunzi sioyenera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, ndiye kuti mutha kuyiyika (ngati zinthu zina ndi zabwino), koma simudzachita bwino.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwamphamvu makadi a makalasi osiyanasiyana ndi motere:

• Kalasi yoyamba - zosaposa 70 Watts. Khadi la kalasi iyi lidzagwira ntchito popanda mavuto ndi amayi aliwonse amakono ndi magetsi;
• Gulu lapakatikati lili pamtunda wa Watts 70-150. Kwa izi, sizinthu zonse zomwe zili zoyenera kale;
• Makhadi ogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri amachokera ku 150 mpaka 300 Watts. Mwanjira iyi, mumafunikira magetsi ndi makina apadera, omwe amasinthidwa ndi zofunikira zamakina a masewera.

Khadi La Kanema Kuzizira

Ngati mawonekedwe a adaputikawo akuyamba kuwonjeza, ndiye kuti, ngati purosesa, sangangolephera, komanso kuwononga kukhulupirika kwa bolodi, komwe pambuyo pake kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, makadi a kanema amatenga dongosolo lozizira, lomwe limagawidwanso m'mitundu ingapo:

• Passive - motere, palibe chomwe chimaphatikizidwa ndi khadi kuti iziziritse, kapena radiator yokha yomwe ikukhudzidwa ndi njirayi, yomwe siyothandiza kwambiri. Adapter yotere, monga lamulo, ilibe ntchito yayitali, chifukwa chake kuzizira kwambiri sikofunikira;



• Yogwira - dongosolo lokwanira kuziziritsa lilipo kale pano - ndi radiator, zimakupiza komanso nthawi zina ndimapaipi amkuwa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu iliyonse yamakadi ojambula. Chimodzi mwazotheka kwambiri;



• Turbine - munjira zambiri zofanana ndi mtundu wogwira. Mlandu waukulu kwambiri umayikidwa pa khadi, pomwe pali injini yapadera yomwe imakoka mpweya mwamphamvu kwambiri ndikuyiyendetsa kudzera mu radiator ndi machubu apadera. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, imatha kuikidwa kokha pamakadi akulu ndi amphamvu.

Samalani pazomwe zida za fan ndi makoma a radiator amapangira. Ngati katundu wamkulu apatsidwa khadi, ndikwabwino kusiya mitundu yokhala ndi ma radiators apulasitiki ndikuwona njirayo ndi aluminiyamu. Ma radiators abwino kwambiri ali ndi makhoma amkuwa kapena achitsulo. Komanso, makadi ojambula "otentha" kwambiri, mafani okhala ndi masamba achitsulo m'malo mwa pulasitiki ndi oyenera bwino. omwe amatha kusungunuka.

Miyeso yamakadi evidiyo

Ngati muli ndi bolodi laling'ono ndi / kapena lotsika mtengo, yesani kusankha makhadi azithunzi, monga chachikulu kwambiri chimatha kupendekera thabwa lopanda mphamvu kapena kungokhala osayenerera ngati itakhala yaying'ono kwambiri.

Kupatukana ndi kukula, motero, sichiri. Makhadi ena akhoza kukhala ocheperako, koma awa amakhala zitsanzo zosalimba popanda njira yozizira, kapena ndi heatsink yaying'ono. Mitundu yake imafotokozedwa bwino patsamba la opanga kapena pa sitolo yogula.

Kutalika kwa khadi yamakanema kumatha kutengera kuchuluka kwa zolumikizira. Pamakope otsika mtengo, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mzere umodzi wolumikizira (zidutswa ziwiri mzere).

Zojambula Pazithunzi za Khadi

Mndandanda wazolowetsa zakunja ukuphatikizapo:

• DVI - ndi thandizo lake pali kulumikizidwa kwa oyang'anira amakono, kotero cholumikizacho chilipo pafupifupi makadi onse evidiyo. Imagawika m'magulu awiri - DVI-D ndi DVI-I. Poyamba pali cholumikizira chachi digito, chachiwiri mulinso chizindikiro cha analog;
• HDMI - ndi thandizo lake ndikutheka kulumikiza ma TV amakono ndi kompyuta. Kulumikiza koteroko kumangokhala pamakadi a magawo apakatikati ndi okwera mtengo;
• Vga - ofunika kulumikiza owunika ambiri ndi ma projekita;
• Zowonetsa - pali mitundu yocheperako ya makadi a kanema, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza mndandanda yaying'ono ya oyang'anira apadera.

Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mukusamala ndi kukhalapo kwa cholumikizira chapadera champhamvu pamakhadi a kanema wamphamvu (sizofunikira kwenikweni pazithunzithunzi za "makina aofesi" ndi malo ophatikizira makanema ambiri). Amagawidwa m'magawo 6 ndi 8 kukhudzana. Kuti mugwire ntchito yolondola, ndikofunikira kuti ma boardboard anu ndi magetsi azithandizira maulumikizi awa ndi kuchuluka kwawo kwa olumikizana.

Kuthandizira makadi ojambula angapo

Bokosi lamkati lalikuru ndi lalikulu lili ndi mipata ingapo yolumikizira makadi a kanema. Nthawi zambiri chiwerengero chawo sichidutsa zidutswa zinayi, koma m'makompyuta apadera pamakhala ena ochulukirapo. Kuphatikiza pa kupezeka kwa zolumikizira zaulere, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti makadi a kanema amatha kugwira ntchito molumikizana. Kuti muchite izi, lingalirani malamulo angapo:

• Bokosi la amayi liyenera kuthandizira ntchito zamakadi angapo a kanema molumikizana. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti cholumikizira chofunikira chilipo, koma bolodi la mayiyo limathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa chosinthira chimodzi chazithunzi, pomwe cholumikizira "chowonjezeracho" chimagwira ntchito yopuma yokha;
• Makhadi onse aku vidiyo ayenera kupangidwa molingana ndi muyezo umodzi - NVIDIA kapena AMD. Kupatula apo, sangathe kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake ndipo amasemphana, zomwe zingayambenso kulephera mu dongosololi;
• Makhadi azithunzi ayenera kukhalanso ndi zolumikizira zapadera zolumikizira ma adapter ena ndi iwo, apo ayi simudzakwaniritsa kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito. Ngati pali cholumikizira chimodzi chokha pamakhadi, ndiye kuti chosinthira chimodzi chokha ndi chomwe chingalumikizidwe, ngati pali zolowetsa ziwiri, ndiye kuti makadi owonjezera makanema akuwonjezeka mpaka 3, kuphatikiza yoyamba.

Pali lamulo lina lofunikira pankhani ya bolodi ya mama - payenera kukhala thandizo la imodzi mwamaukadaulo a makompyuta a makompyuta - SLI kapena CrossFire. Loyamba ndi brainchild wa NVIDIA, lachiwiri ndi AMD. Monga lamulo, pama boardboard amayi ambiri, makamaka bajeti ndi gawo lapakati la bajeti, kuli ndi chithandizo chimodzi chokha. Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi chosinthira cha NVIDIA, ndipo mukufuna kugula khadi ina kuchokera kwa wopanga yemweyo, koma bolodi la amayi limangogwirizira ukadaulo wolumikizirana wa AMD, mudzasinthira khadi yayikulu yamavidiyo ndi analog yochokera ku AMD ndikugula yowonjezera kuchokera kwa wopanga yemweyo.

Zilibe kanthu kuti ndi bolodi yanji yolumikizira yomwe bolodi la mama limathandizira - khadi imodzi kanema kuchokera kwa wopanga aliyense amagwira ntchito bwino (ngati ikugwirizana ndi pulosesa yapakati), koma ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa makhadi awiri, mutha kukhala ndi mavuto pano.

Tiyeni tiwone maubwino amakhadi angapo ojambula pazithunzi molumikizana:

• Kuchuluka kwachulukidwe;
• Nthawi zina zimakhala zopindulitsa kwambiri kugula khadi yowonjezera ya kanema (pamlingo wotsika mtengo) kuposa kukhazikitsa yatsopano, yamphamvu kwambiri;
• Ngati imodzi mwa makhadiwo yalephera, ndiye kuti kompyutayo izikhala yogwira ntchito mokwanira ndipo imatha kukoka masewera olemera, komabe, pokhapokha pamasewera otsika.

Palinso zovuta:

• Nkhani zogwirizana. Nthawi zina, mukakhazikitsa makhadi awiri amavidiyo, magwiridwe antchito amatha kungokulirapo;
• Kuti mugwire ntchito yokhazikika, mumafunika magetsi amphamvu komanso kuzirala kwabwino, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kutentha kuzizira kwa makadi angapo a kanema omwe aikidwa pambali ndikuchulukitsa;
• Amatha kubweretsa phokoso lochulukirapo pazifukwa za ndime yapitayi.

Pogula khadi ya kanema, onetsetsani kuti mukufanizira mawonekedwe onse a bolodi ya dongosolo, magetsi ndi purosesa yapakatikati ndikugwirizana ndi malingaliro amtunduwu. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mwapeza kugula komwe kuli chitsimikizo chachikulu kwambiri, monga gawo ili la pakompyuta limayikidwa katundu wolemera ndipo limatha kulephera nthawi iliyonse. Nthawi yovomerezeka yovomerezeka imasiyana pakati pa miyezi 12 mpaka 24, koma itha kukhala yayitali.