Kuwerengera ku Microsoft Excel

Pokonzekera ndi kupanga, ntchito yofunika imapangidwa ndi kuyerekezera. Popanda izi, palibe ntchito yayikulu yomwe ingayambitsidwe. Makamaka, nthawi zambiri bajeti imakhudzidwa ndi ntchito yomanga. Zachidziwikire, si ntchito yosavuta kuwerengetsa molondola, omwe akatswiri okhawo amatha kugwira. Koma amakakamizidwanso kuti ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, omwe nthawi zambiri amalipira, kuti agwire ntchito iyi. Koma, ngati muli ndi mawonekedwe a Excel omwe adakhazikitsidwa pa PC yanu, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kuwerengera pamlingo, osagula mapulogalamu otsika mtengo, okonzedweratu. Tiyeni tiwone momwe angachitire izi pochita.

Kujambula mtengo wosavuta

Kuyerekezera kwa mtengo ndi mndandanda wathunthu wazinthu zonse zomwe bungwelo lingapeze pokhazikitsa ntchito inayake kapena kwa nthawi inayake ya ntchito yake. Pakuwerengera, zizindikiro zowongolera zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe, monga lamulo, zimapezeka pagulu. Ayenera kudaliridwa ndi katswiri pokonzekera chikalatachi. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti kuwerengera kumachitika pokhapokha pakukhazikitsa ntchitoyi. Chifukwa chake, njirayi iyenera kuthandizidwa makamaka, chifukwa, ndiye maziko a polojekiti.

Nthawi zambiri kuwerengera kumagawidwa m'magawo awiri akulu: mtengo wa zinthu komanso mtengo wa ntchito. Kumapeto kwa chikalatacho, mitundu iwiriyi ya ndalama imaperekedwa mwachidule komanso ngati msonkho, kampaniyo, yomwe ndi kontrakitala, walembedwa ngati wolipira msonkho uno.

Gawo 1: yambani kupanga

Tiyeni tiyesere kuyerekezera kosavuta machitidwe. Musanayambe izi, muyenera kupeza mawu ochokera kwa kasitomala, pamomwe mungakonzekere, ndikudziwongolera nokha ndi zikwatu zokhala ndi zisonyezo zodziwika bwino. M'malo mwa zowongolera, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito intaneti.

1. Chifukwa chake, poyambitsa kukonzekera kwovuta kwambiri, choyamba, timapanga mutu wake, ndiko kuti, dzina la chikalatacho. Tiyeni timuyitane "Ganizirani ntchito". Sitikhala pakati ndikudzilemba dzinalo mpaka gome litakonzeka, koma tingoyika pamwamba pa pepalalo.



2. Popeza tasiya mzere umodzi, timapanga tebulo, yomwe ikhale gawo lalikulu la chikalatacho. Likhala ndi mizati isanu ndi umodzi, yomwe timatipatsa mayina "Ayi.", "Dzinalo", "Kuchuluka", "Gulu", "Mtengo", "Ndalama". Fukulani malire am'magawo ngati mayina amizere alibe. Sankhani ma cell omwe ali ndi mayina awa, kukhala tabu "Pofikira", dinani pazida chida chomwe chili pa tepi Kuphatikiza batani Phatikizani. Kenako dinani chizindikiro Cholimbazomwe zili pabowo Font, kapena ingojambulani njira yachidule Ctrl + B. Chifukwa chake, timapereka mayina a masanjidwewo mawonekedwe kuti awonetsetse kopenyerera.



3. Kenako timafotokoza malire a tebulo. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani gawo la mndandanda. Simuyenera kuda nkhawa kuti zojambulazo zitha kwambiri, chifukwa tidzakonzanso.

   

   Pambuyo pake, kukhala zonse pa tabu limodzi "Pofikira", dinani patatu kuti kumanja kwa chithunzi "Malire"kuyikidwa mu chipangizo Font pa tepi. Kuchokera pamndandanda wotsika, sankhani Malire Onse.



4. Monga mukuwonera, pambuyo pomaliza kuchita, mtundu wonse wosankhidwa udagawidwa ndi malire.

Gawo lachiwiri: kuphatikiza gawo 1

Chotsatira, timayamba kujambula gawo loyamba la kuyerekezera, komwe kumakhala mtengo wazowononga mukamagwira ntchito.

1. Mu mzere woyamba wa tebulo lembani dzinalo Gawo I: Ndalama Zakuthupi. Dzinali silikhala mu cell imodzi, koma simuyenera kukankhira malire, chifukwa pambuyo pake timangowachotsa, koma pakadali pano asiya momwe alili.



2. Chotsatira, timadzaza mndandanda wa zoyerekeza ndi mayina a zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Poterepa, ngati mayina sakukwanira mu maselo, ndiye azikankhanani. Mu gawo lachitatu timawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zingafunike kuti tigwire ntchito inayake, malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano. Kenako, sonyezani kuyesa kwake. Mu gawo lotsatira timalemba mtengo. Kholamu "Ndalama" osakhudza mpaka titadzaza tebulo lonse ndi zomwe tanena pamwambapa. Ma values ​​akuwonetsedwa mmenemo pogwiritsa ntchito kachitidwe. Komanso musakhudze mzere woyamba ndikuchita manambala.



3. Tsopano tikonzanso tsatanetsatane ndi nambala ndi magawo a muyezo pakati pa maselo. Sankhani malo omwe dawuniyi ili, ndikudina chizindikiro chomwe chatidziwitsa kale pa riboni Phatikizani.



4. Kenako, tidzawerengera omwe adalowetsedwa. Kuti cell cell "Ayi.", yomwe ikufanana ndi dzina loyambirira lazinthuzo, lembani manambala "1". Sankhani gawo la pepalalo momwe nambala iyi idalowetsedwera ndikuyika cholembedwera pakona yake ya kumunsi. Amasandulika kukhala chikhomo chodzaza. Gwirani batani lakumanzere ndikusunthira kumzere womaliza, pomwe pali dzina la zinthuzo.



5. Koma, monga tikuwona, maselo sanawerengeredwe mu dongosolo, popeza mu zonsezo muli nambala "1". Kuti musinthe izi, dinani pazizindikiro. Lembani Zosankhayomwe ili pansi pazosankhidwa. Mndandanda wa zosankha zikutseguka. Timasintha kusintha Dzazani.



6. Monga mukuwonera, izi zitatha manambala adasanjidwa.



7. Pambuyo pakuti mayina onse azinthu zofunika kuti polojekitiyo ayambitsidwe, titha kuwerengera mtengo wa mtengo uliwonse wa iwo. Popeza sizovuta kunena, kuwerengera kuyimira kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mtengo uliwonse uliwonse.

   Khazikitsani cholowezera ku khungu "Ndalama", yomwe imagwirizana ndi chinthu choyamba kuchokera mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zili patebulo. Timayika chikwangwani "=". Kenako, mzere womwewo, dinani pazinthuzo patsamba "Kuchuluka". Monga mukuwonera, ma bungwe ake amaonetsedwa nthawi yomweyo m'selo kuti awonetse mtengo wa zinthu. Pambuyo pake, ikani chikwangwani pa kiyibodi chulukitsa (*) Kenako, mzere womwewo, dinani chinthucho patsamba lotsatira "Mtengo".

   Kwa ife, njira yotsatirayi idapezeka:

   = C6 * E6

   Koma munthawi yanu, itha kukhala ndi magulu ena.



8. Kuti muwonetse kuwerengera zotsatira, dinani batani Lowani pa kiyibodi.



9. Koma tidatengera zotsatira za udindo umodzi wokha. Zachidziwikire, mwa fanizo, munthu angathe kuyambitsa njira yama cell otsalawo "Ndalama", koma pali njira yosavuta komanso yachangu ndi chizindikiridwe, chomwe tanena pamwambapa. Tikuyika cholozera mu ngodya yakumbuyo kumunsi kwa foniyo ndi kakhazikitsidwe ndipo, titachisinthira kukhala cholemba, ndikugwira batani lakumanzere, ndikokera pansi mpaka ku dzina lomaliza.



10. Monga mukuwonera, mtengo wathunthu wazinthu zilizonse zomwe zili patebulopo zimawerengedwa.



11. Tsopano tiwerenge mtengo wake wa zinthu zonse zomwe zaphatikizidwa. Timadumphira mzere ndipo mu foni yoyamba ya mzere wotsatira timalemba "Zida Zonse".



12. Kenako, ndikudina batani lamanzere ndikanikizidwa, sankhani masanjidwewo "Ndalama" kuchokera ku dzina loyamba lazinthuzo mpaka mzere "Zida Zonse" kuphatikiza. Kukhala mu tabu "Pofikira" dinani pachizindikiro "Autosum"ili pa riboni m'bokosi la chida "Kusintha".



13. Monga mukuwonera, kuwerengera kwa mtengo wonse wogulira zinthu zonse pantchito yomwe yachitika.



14. Monga tikudziwa, ndalama zomwe zikusonyezedwa m'm ruble nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malo awiri omaliza pambuyo pamawu omaliza, kutanthauza kuti osati ma ruble okha, komanso ndalama. Mu tebulo lathu, zoyimira ndalama zimayimiriridwa ndi manambala onse. Kuti muthane ndi izi, sankhani mfundo zonse zamitundu "Mtengo" ndi "Ndalama", kuphatikiza ndi chidule chachidule. Timadina pamanja posankha. Zosankha zam'mawu zimatsegulidwa. Sankhani zomwe zili mmenemo "Mtundu wamtundu ...".



15. Tsamba losintha likuyamba. Pitani ku tabu "Chiwerengero". Pakadutsa magawo "Mawerengero Amanambala" khazikitsani kusintha "Numeric". Gawo lamanja la zenera m'mundawo "Chiwerengero cha malo omaliza" kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa "2". Ngati izi siziri choncho, ndiye lowetsani nambala yomwe mukufuna. Pambuyo pake, dinani batani "Zabwino" pansi pazenera.



16. Monga mukuwonera, tsopano patebulo mtengo ndi mtengo wake zimawonetsedwa ndi malo awiri.



17. Pambuyo pake, tigwiritsa ntchito pang'ono pakuwonekera kwa gawo ili la kuyerekezera. Sankhani mzere momwe dzinalo lakhalira Gawo I: Ndalama Zakuthupi. Ali pa tabu "Pofikira"dinani batani "Phatikizani ndi pakati" mu block "Kugwirizanitsa tepiyo". Kenako dinani chizindikiro chomwe tikudziwa kale Cholimba mu block Font.



18. Pambuyo pake, pitani kumzere "Zida Zonse". Sankhani mpaka njira yonse mpaka kumapeto kwa tebulo ndikudina batani Cholimba.



19. Kenako timasankha maselo a mzerewu, koma tsopano sitiphatikiza zomwe zikupezeka pazosankhidwa. Timasunthira patatu mpaka kumanja kwa batani patsamba la riboni "Phatikizani ndi pakati". Kuchokera pamndandanda wotsika pansi, sankhani Phatikizani Maselo.



20. Monga mukuwonera, zinthu za pepalali zimaphatikizidwa. Mu ntchitoyi ndikugawa ndalama zitha kuonedwa kuti zatha.

Phunziro: Kukhazikitsa matebulo ku Excel

Gawo 3: kuphatikiza gawo lachiwiri

Timapitilira gawo la kapangidwe ka kuyerekezera, komwe kumawonetsera ndalama zogwirira ntchito mwachindunji.

1. Timadumpha mzere umodzi ndikulemba dzinalo kumayambiriro kwotsatira "Gawo II: mtengo wa ntchito".



2. Mzere watsopano mzere "Dzinalo" lembani mtundu wa ntchito. Mu gawo lotsatira, timalowetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe zachitika, gawo la muyeso ndi mtengo wagawo la ntchito yomwe yachitika. Nthawi zambiri, muyeso wa ntchito yomanga yomalizidwa imakhala mita lalikulu, koma nthawi zina pamakhala zosankha zina. Chifukwa chake, timadzaza tebulo, ndikuwonetsa njira zonse zomwe kontrakitalayo adachita.



3. Pambuyo pake, timawerenga, kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa chilichonse, kuwerengera zonse ndikuzipanga monga momwe tidachitira gawo loyamba. Chifukwa chake sitikhala chete pantchito izi.

Gawo 4: kuwerengera mtengo wake wonse

Pa gawo lotsatira, tikuyenera kuwerengera mtengo wonse, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mtengo wa zida ndi ntchito ya ogwira ntchito.

1. Timadumphadumpha pambuyo pa kujambula komaliza ndikulemba mu foni yoyamba "Zonse polojekiti".



2. Pambuyo pake, sankhani mzerewu m'chipindacho "Ndalama". Sikovuta kulingalira kuti ndalama zonse za polojekiti ziwerengedwa powonjezera mfundozo "Zida Zonse" ndi "Mtengo wokwanira wa ntchito". Chifukwa chake, mu selo yosankhidwa, ikani chikwangwani "=", kenako dinani pazinthu zokhala ndi mapindulitsa "Zida Zonse". Kenako ikani chikwangwani kuchokera pa kiyibodi "+". Kenako, dinani khungu "Mtengo wokwanira wa ntchito". Tili ndi mtundu wa mtundu wotsatirawu:

   = F15 + F26

   Koma, zowona, pa vuto lililonse lililonse, ogwirizanira mu formula iyi amakhala ndi mawonekedwe awo.



3. Kuti muwonetse mtengo wathunthu pa pepala lililonse, dinani batani Lowani.



4. Ngati kontrakitalayo ndi wolipira msonkho wokwanira, onjezani mizere iwiri pansipa: "VAT" ndi "Zonse za polojekitiyo kuphatikiza VAT".



5. Monga mukudziwa, kuchuluka kwa VAT ku Russia ndi 18% ya msonkho. M'malo mwathu, msonkho wokwanira ndi ndalama zomwe zimalembedwa mzere "Zonse polojekiti". Chifukwa chake, tidzafunika kuchulukitsa izi ndi 18% kapena 0.18. Tikuyika muchipinda chomwe chili molumikizana ndi mzere "VAT" ndi mzati "Ndalama" chikwangwani "=". Kenako, dinani foni ndi phindu "Zonse polojekiti". Kuchokera pa kiyibodi timayimba mawu "*0,18". Kwa ife, njira yotsatirayi ikupezekera:

   = F28 * 0.18

   Dinani batani Lowani kuwerengera zotsatira.



6. Pambuyo pake, tifunika kuwerengera mtengo wonse wa ntchitoyi, kuphatikizapo VAT. Pali zosankha zingapo zowerengera mtengowu, koma kwa ife sizivuta kungowonjezera mtengo wonse wogwira ntchito popanda VAT ndi kuchuluka kwa VAT.

   Chifukwa chake "Zonse za polojekitiyo kuphatikiza VAT" mzere "Ndalama" onjezani ma adilesi a foni "Zonse polojekiti" ndi "VAT" momwemonso momwe tidafotokozera mtengo wa zinthu ndi ntchito. Pakuyerekeza kwathu, njira yotsatirayi imapezeka:

   = F28 + F29

   Dinani batani ENG. Monga mukuwonera, tili ndi mtengo womwe ukusonyeza kuti mtengo wonse wopanga kontrakitala ukwaniritsa ntchitoyi, kuphatikiza VAT, udzakhala ma ruble 56,533.80.



7. Kenako, tidzatulutsa mzere womalizirawo. Sankhani kwathunthu ndikudina chizindikiro. Cholimba pa tabu "Pofikira".



8. Pambuyo pake, kuti mfundo zonse zizioneka pakati pazinthu zina zodula, mutha kukulitsa mawonekedwe. Popanda kuchotsa kusankhako tabu "Pofikira", dinani patatu kuti kumanja kumunda Kukula Kwakukondaili pa riboni m'bokosi la chida Font. Kuchokera pa mndandanda wotsika, sankhani kukula kwa mawonekedwe, omwe ndi akulu kuposa omwe alipo.



9. Kenako sankhani mizere yonse yazidule "Ndalama". Kukhala mu tabu "Pofikira" dinani patatu kumanja kwa batani "Phatikizani ndi pakati". Pamndandanda wotsitsa, sankhani njira Phatikizani Mzere.

Phunziro: Fomu la Excel VAT

Gawo 5: kumaliza kutsimikizira

Tsopano pakukwaniritsa kwathunthu kwamapangidwe, tikuyenera kuchita zodzikongoletsera.

1. Choyamba, timachotsa mizere yowonjezera pagome lathu. Sankhani maselo ena owonjezera. Pitani ku tabu "Pofikira"Ngati wina atsegulidwa pakadali pano. Mu bokosi la zida "Kusintha" pa nthiti, dinani pachizindikiro "Chotsani"yomwe imawoneka ngati chofufutira. Pamndandanda womwe umatsegulira, sankhani malo "Fafanizani Mafomu".



2. Monga mukuwonera, izi zitachitika, mizere yonse yowonjezera idachotsedwa.



3. Tsopano tibwerera ku chinthu choyamba chomwe tidachita popanga kuyerekezera - kwa dzinalo. Sankhani gawo lomwe mzere udalipo dzinali, lofanana m'litali ndi m'lifupi mwake. Dinani pa batani lodziwika bwino. "Phatikizani ndi pakati".



4. Kenako, osachotsa masankhidwewo pamtunduwo, dinani pazizindikiro "Olimba".



5. Timamaliza kupanga dzina la kuyerekezera podina pa gawo la mawonekedwe

Pambuyo pake, kupanga bajeti ku Excel kumatha kuonedwa kuti kumalizidwa.

Tidayang'ana mwachitsanzo pakupanga kuyerekezera kosavuta ku Excel. Monga mukuwonera, purosesa iyi ya pagome ili ndi zida zake zonse kuti igwirizane bwino ndi ntchitoyi. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati kuli kotheka, kuwerengetsa kovuta kwambiri kungathenso kujambulidwa mu pulogalamuyi.