Matrix a BCG ndi imodzi mwazida zodziwika bwino kwambiri zotsatsa malonda. Ndi chithandizo chake, mutha kusankha njira yopindulitsa kwambiri yolimbikitsira katundu pamsika. Tiyeni tiwone matrix a BCG ndi momwe angapangire pogwiritsa ntchito Excel.
Matimu a BCG
Matrix a Boston Consulting Group (BKG) ndiye maziko akuwunika kwa magulu azinthu, zomwe zimadalira kukula kwa msika komanso gawo lawo pamsika wina.
Malinga ndi njira ya matrix, zinthu zonse zimagawidwa m'mitundu inayi:
- "Agalu";
- "Nyenyezi";
- "Ana Ovuta";
- "Ng'ombe Zamakatoni".
"Agalu" - Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi gawo laling'ono pamsika. Monga lamulo, chitukuko chawo chimawonedwa ngati chosayenera. Sakusintha, kupanga kwawo kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.
"Ana Ovuta" - zinthu zomwe zimagawidwa kumisika yaying'ono, koma pagawo lomwe likukula msanga. Gululi lilinso ndi dzina lina - "akavalo akuda". Izi ndichifukwa choti ali ndi chiyembekezo chachitukuko, koma nthawi yomweyo amafunsa ndalama zokhazokha kuti azitukuka.
"Ng'ombe Zamakatoni" - Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimatenga gawo lalikulu pamsika womwe ukucheperachepera. Amabweretsa ndalama zokhazikika, zomwe kampani ikhoza kuwongolera. "Ana Ovuta" ndi "Nyenyezi". Nokha "Ng'ombe Zamakatoni" ndalama sizifunikanso.
"Nyenyezi" - Ili ndiye gulu lopambana kwambiri lomwe lili ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika womwe ukukula mwachangu. Zogulitsazi zikupanga kale ndalama zochulukirapo, koma kuwayika ndalama mu izi kukulitsa ndalama.
Ntchito ya BCG matrix ndi kudziwa kuti ndi magulu ati mwa magulu anayi awa omwe mtundu wina wa mankhwala omwe angapatsidwe kuti akwaniritse cholinga chopita patsogolo.
Kupanga tebulo la BCG matrix
Tsopano, potengera chitsanzo chapadera, timapanga mtundu wa BCG.
- Pacholinga chathu, timatenga mitundu 6 ya katundu. Kwa aliyense wa iwo padzakhala kofunikira kusonkhanitsa zambiri. Awa ndi kuchuluka kwa malonda panthawiyi komanso yapitayi pachinthu chilichonse, komanso kuchuluka kwaogulitsa mpikisano. Zambiri zosonkhanitsidwa zidayikidwa pagome.
- Pambuyo pake, tifunika kuwerengera kukula kwamsika. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugawa zogulitsa zamasiku ano pazina lililonse lazogulitsa ndi malonda a nthawi yapitayi.
- Chotsatira, timawerengera chilichonse pachinthu chilichonse chomwe chimagulitsidwa. Kuti muchite izi, kugulitsa kwa nyengo yatsopano kuyenera kugawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa malonda kuchokera kwa mpikisano.
Chati
Tebulo litadzaza ndi deta yoyambirira komanso yowerengedwa, mutha kupitirira kukonzekera mwachindunji kwa masanjidwewo. Pazifukwa izi, tchati cha bubble ndizoyenera kwambiri.
- Pitani ku tabu Ikani. Mu gululi Ma chart pa riboni, dinani batani "Ena". Pamndandanda womwe umatsegulira, sankhani malo "Bubble".
- Pulogalamuyi iyesa kupanga tchatchi posankha data momwe ikuwona, koma mwina kuyesaku sikungakhale kolondola. Chifukwa chake, tifunikira kuthandiza kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuti muchite izi, dinani kumanja pa tchati. Zosankha zam'mawu zimatsegulidwa. Sankhani zomwe zili mmenemo "Sankhani deta".
- Tsamba losankha deta limatsegulidwa. M'munda "Zambiri za nthano (mizere)" dinani batani "Sinthani".
- Zenera losintha mzere likutseguka. M'munda "Dzina la mzere" lembani adilesi yonse yamtengo woyambira kuchokera pagolidi "Dzinalo". Kuti muchite izi, ikani cholozera m'munda ndikusankha foni yolumikizana ndi pepalalo.
M'munda "Ma X X" momwemonso momwe timalondera adilesi yoyamba ya cholembera "Gawo logulitsa".
M'munda "Zofunika" ikani zolumikizana za selo loyamba la mzati "Kukula Kwa Msika".
M'munda "Makulidwe a Bubble" ikani zolumikizana za selo loyamba la mzati "Nthawi yapano".
Pambuyo polemba deta yonse pamwambapa, dinani batani "Zabwino".
- Timagwira ntchito yofananira pazinthu zina zonse. Mndandanda ukakhala wokonzeka kwathunthu, ndiye pazenera kusankha zenera, dinani batani "Zabwino".
Pambuyo pa izi, tchati chidzamangidwa.
Phunziro: Momwe mungapangire chithunzi mu Excel
Zokonda pa Axis
Tsopano tikuyenera kukhazikitsa tchati molondola. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusintha ma ax.
- Pitani ku tabu "Kamangidwe" magulu a tabu "Kugwira ntchito ndi ma chart". Kenako, dinani batani Axes ndi kudutsa zinthuzo motsatira "Mphete yayikulu yopingasa" ndi "Zowonjezera za axis yayikulu yopingasa".
- Zenera la axis parata limayambitsa. Takonzanso kusintha kwa zinthu zonse kuchokera pamwambowu "Auto" mu "Zokhazikika". M'munda "Mtengo wochepera" ikani chizindikiro "0,0", "Mtengo wokulirapo" - "2,0", "Mtengo wa magawo akulu" - "1,0", "Mtengo wa magawo apakati" - "1,0".
Kenako pagawo la makonda "Mbali yotsogola imawoloka" sinthani batani m'malo mwake Mtengo wa Axis ndipo m'mundamu muwonetse phindu "1,0". Dinani batani Tsekani.
- Kenako, kukhala mu tabu yemweyo "Kamangidwe"dinani batani kachiwiri Axes. Koma tsopano tikuyenda sitepe ndi sitepe "Chotsogola chenicheni ndi "Zowonjezera za axis yayikulu.
- Windo la axt lokhazikika limatseguka. Koma, ngati kwa chitsulo chokulirapo magawo onse omwe tinalowamo ndi osasinthika ndipo samatengera deta yolowera, ndiye kuti pamzere wokhazikika ena aiwo adzayenera kuwerengedwa. Koma, choyambirira, monga nthawi yotsiriza, timakonzanso ma switchi kuchokera ku udindo "Auto" m'malo "Zokhazikika".
M'munda "Mtengo wochepera" khazikitsani chizindikiro "0,0".
Nayi chizindikilo m'munda "Mtengo wokulirapo" tiyenera kuwerengera. Zikhala zofanana ndi gawo logulitsa pamsika lomwe lili pafupi 2. Ndiye kuti, m'malo mwathu momwe zidzakhalire "2,18".
Pa mtengo wa magawidwe akulu timapereka chiwonetsero chapakati cha gawo logulitsa. Kwa ife, ndizofanana "1,09".
Chowonetsera chomwecho chikuyenera kulowetsedwa m'munda "Mtengo wa magawo apakati".
Kuphatikiza apo, tiyenera kusintha chizindikiro china. M'magulu azokonda "Mphezi yopingasa imadutsa" sinthani kusintha kwa malo Mtengo wa Axis. Mchigawo chofananira timalowetsanso chisonyezero chapakati pamsika wogawana, ndiye, "1,09". Pambuyo pake, dinani batani Tsekani.
- Kenako timasainira nkhwangwa za masanjidwewo a BCG molingana ndi malamulo omwewo omwe timasainira nkhwangwa m'mazojambula wamba. Chokhazikacho chimatchedwa "Gawani Pamsika"ndi ofukula - Kukula kwa Kukula.
Phunziro: Momwe mungasainire tchati cha axis ku Excel
Kuwunika kwa Matrix
Tsopano mutha kusanthula matrix obwera. Katundu, malinga ndi momwe amapangira ma matrix, amagawidwa m'magulu motere:
- "Agalu" - kotala kumanzere kotala;
- "Ana Ovuta" - kotala kumanzere;
- "Ng'ombe Zamakatoni" - kotala kumunsi kotala;
- "Nyenyezi" - kotala chakumanja.
Mwanjira imeneyi "Zogulitsa 2" ndi "Zogulitsa 5" gwirizana ndi Kwa agalu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kupanga kwawo kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.
"Zogulitsa 1" amatanthauza "Ana Ovuta" Izi zimayenera kupangidwa ndikuyikamo ndalama, koma pakadali pano sizipereka kubwezeretsa koyenera.
"Zopangira 3" ndi "Zogulitsa 4" ndi "Ng'ombe Zamakatoni". Gululi lazinthu silifunikira ndalama zochulukirapo, ndipo ndalama zogulitsidwa zitha kupita ku magulu ena.
"Zogulitsa 6" a gulu "Nyenyezi". Zimapanga phindu, koma ndalama zowonjezera zimatha kuwonjezera ndalama.
Monga mukuwonera, kugwiritsa ntchito zida za pulogalamu ya Excel kuti mumange matGul a BCG sikovuta kwenikweni chifukwa zitha kuwoneka koyamba. Koma maziko a zomangamanga ayenera kukhala odalirika deta.
