Microsoft Office suite ili ndi pulogalamu yapadera yopanga database ndikugwira nawo ntchito - Pofikira. Komabe, ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito yodziwika bwino pazolinga izi - Excel. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pulogalamuyi ili ndi zida zonse zopangira database yonse (DB). Tiyeni tiwone momwe angachitire izi.
Njira yolenga
Zomwe zili ndi Excel ndi dongosolo lokonzedwa bwino lomwe loperekedwa pazigawo ndi mizere ya pepala.
Malinga ndi terminology yapadera, mizere ya database idatchulidwa "mbiri". Kulowera kulikonse kuli ndi chidziwitso cha chinthu.
Zithunzi zimayitanidwa "minda". Munda uliwonse umakhala ndi gawo lililonse la marekodi onse.
Ndiye kuti, chimango cha database iliyonse mu Excel ndi tebulo lokhazikika.
Kulenga kwa tebulo
Chifukwa chake, choyamba, tiyenera kupanga tebulo.
- Timalowetsa mutu wa minda (mizati) ya database.
- Lembani dzina la mbiri (mizere) ya database.
- Tipitiliza kudzaza nkhokwe.
- Pambuyo podzaza tsambalo, timayika zidziwitso momwe zimafunira (mawonekedwe, malire, kudzaza, kusankha, malo omwe alembedwa ndi foni, etc.).
Izi zimamaliza kukhazikitsa dongosolo lazosungidwa.
Phunziro: Momwe mungapangire tebulo ku Excel
Kugawa Zambiri Zambiri
Kuti Excel azitha kuwona tebulo osati monga maselo osiyanasiyana, koma monga nkhokwe yachidziwitso, imayenera kupatsidwa mawonekedwe oyenerera.
- Pitani ku tabu "Zambiri".
- Sankhani mtundu wonse wa tebulo. Dinani kumanja. Pazosankha zam'malemba, dinani batani "Patsani dzina ...".
- Pazithunzi "Dzinalo" sonyezani dzina lomwe tikufuna kuti titchule database. Chofunikira ndikuti dzinalo liyenera kuyamba ndi chilembo, ndipo sipayenera kukhala malo. Pazithunzi "Zosintha" mutha kusintha adilesi ya tebulo, koma ngati mungasankhe molondola, ndiye kuti simuyenera kusintha chilichonse apa. Mutha kusankha mwatsatanetsatane cholembedwa m'gawo lina, koma tsambali ndikusankha. Pambuyo pakusintha konse, dinani batani "Zabwino".
- Dinani batani Sungani kumtunda kwa zenera kapena lembani njira yachidule Ctrl + S, kuti muthe kusunga database pa hard drive kapena zochotsa zochotseka zolumikizidwa ndi PC.
Titha kunena kuti zitatha tili ndi database yosungidwa kale. Mutha kugwira nawo ntchito m'boma monga momwe zasonyezedwera pano, koma mipata yambiri idzachepetsedwa. Pansipa tikambirana momwe tingapangire kuti databaseyo izigwira ntchito bwino.
Sanjani ndi kusefa
Kugwira ntchito ndi malo osungira, choyambirira, kumapereka mwayi wokonza, kusankha ndi kukonza zolemba. Lumikizani izi ndi database yathu.
- Timasankha zidziwitso zamunda zomwe timakonzekera. Dinani pa "Sinthani" batani lomwe lili patsamba lapauta "Zambiri" mu bokosi la zida Sanjani ndi Fyuluta.
Kusanja kungachitike pang'ono paliponse:
- dzina la zilembo;
- Tsiku
- nambala etc.
- Pa zenera lotsatira lomwe likuwoneka, funso lidzakhala kuti mungagwiritse ntchito kokha malo omwe mwasankha kuyika kapena kuikulitsa yokha. Sankhani kuwonjezera kokha ndikudina batani "Zosintha ...".
- Zenera lokonzera likutsegulidwa. M'munda Longosolani fotokozerani dzina la munda womwe udutsamo.
- M'munda "Sinthani" ikuwonetsa ndendende momwe ichitidwire. Kwa DB ndibwino kusankha chizindikiro "Makhalidwe".
- M'munda "Order" sonyezani momwe kusanja kudzachitikira. Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazidziwitso, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amawonetsedwa pazenera ili. Mwachitsanzo, pazosankha zolemba - izi ndizofunika "Kuyambira A mpaka Z" kapena "Kuyambira Z mpaka A", komanso manambala - "Ndikukwera" kapena "Kuchotsa".
- Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kuzungulira phindu "Zambiri zanga zimakhala ndi mutu" panali cheke. Ngati sichoncho, ndiye muyenera kuyikapo.
Mukalowetsa magawo onse ofunikira, dinani batani "Zabwino".
Pambuyo pake, zambiri zomwe zili mu database zidzasankhidwa malinga ndi zomwe zidafotokozedwazi. Poterepa, tidasankha mayina a ogwira nawo ntchito.
- Chida chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri mukamagwira ntchito kumalo osungira a Excel ndi autofilter. Timasankha zosankha zonse zomwe zili mumasamba Sanjani ndi Fyuluta dinani batani "Zosefera".
- Monga mukuwonera, zitatha izi m'maselo omwe ali ndi mayina mayizithunzi zithunzi adawoneka ngati mawonekedwe amiyala atatu. Timadina pachizindikiro cha chipilalacho chomwe tikufunika kusefa. Pazenera lomwe limatsegulira, sanayankhe zomwe tikufuna kubisa zojambula nawo. Chisankho chikapangidwa, dinani batani "Zabwino".
Monga mukuwonera, zitatha izi, mizere yokhala ndi zofunikira zomwe tidadutsamo idabisidwa patebulo.
- Kuti tibwezeretse zonse pazenera, timadina pazithunzi zomwe zidasefedwa, ndipo pazenera lotseguka, yang'anani mabokosi moyang'anizana ndi zinthu zonse. Kenako dinani batani "Zabwino".
- Kuti muchotse kwathunthu kusefa, dinani batani "Zosefera" pa tepi.
Phunziro: Sanjani ndi kusefa deta mu Excel
Sakani
Ngati pali database yayikulu, ndi yosavuta kuyisaka pogwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera.
- Kuti muchite izi, pitani ku tabu "Pofikira" ndi pa riboni m'bokosi la chida "Kusintha" dinani batani Pezani ndikuwunikira.
- Iwindo limatseguka pomwe mukufuna kufotokozera za kufunika komwe mukufuna. Pambuyo pake, dinani batani "Pezani chotsatira" kapena Pezani Zonse.
- Poyambirira, khungu loyamba lomwe limapindulitsa mtengo limagwira ntchito.
Mlandu wachiwiri, mndandanda wonse wamaselo omwe ali ndi mtengowu umatsegulidwa.
Phunziro: Momwe mungasinthire ku Excel
Malo ozizira
Mukamapanga database, ndikosavuta kukonza maselo okhala ndi mayina a mbiri ndi minda. Pogwira ntchito ndi database yayikulu - izi ndi zofunikira. Kupanda kutero, nthawi zonse mumakhala ndikuyang'ana pa pepalali kuti muone kuti mzere kapena mzere womwe ukufanana ndi mtengo winawake.
- Sankhani khungu, malo omwe ali kumanzere ndi kumanzere komwe mukufuna kukonza. Idzakhala pomwepo pansi pamutu ndi kumanja kwa mayina amawu.
- Kukhala mu tabu "Onani" dinani batani "Malo okhala"ili pagulu lazida "Window". Pamndandanda wotsitsa, sankhani mtengo wake "Malo okhala".
Tsopano mayina aminda ndi zolemba zidzakhala pamaso panu, ngakhale mutasindikiza bwanji.
Phunziro: Momwe mungakhinire gawo mu Excel
Dontho pansi mndandanda
Pazigawo zina za tebulo, ndizabwino kwambiri kupanga ndandanda yotsika kuti ogwiritsa, pomwe akuwonjezera zolemba zatsopano, atchule magawo ena okha. Izi ndizothandiza, mwachitsanzo, pamunda "Paul". Inde, pali njira ziwiri zokha: wamwamuna ndi wamkazi.
- Pangani mndandanda wowonjezera. Chikhala chosavuta kuyiyika papepala lina. Mmenemo tikuwonetsa mndandanda wazikhalidwe zomwe zizidzawoneka mndandanda wotsika.
- Sankhani mndandandawu ndikudina batani loyenera mbewa. Pazosankha zomwe zimapezeka, sankhani "Patsani dzina ...".
- A zenera kale kuti tidziwe. M'gawo lolingana, timapereka dzina ku magulu athu, kutengera zofunikira zomwe tazitchulazi.
- Timabwereranso ku pepalalo ndi database. Sankhani mtundu womwe mndandanda wotsatsira udzagwiritse ntchito. Pitani ku tabu "Zambiri". Dinani batani Chitsimikiziro cha dataili pa riboni m'bokosi la chida "Gwirani ntchito ndi deta".
- Zenera lofufuza mfundo zowonekera limatsegulidwa. M'munda "Mtundu wa deta" ikani kusintha Mndandanda. M'munda "Gwero" ikani chikwangwani "=" ndipo atangochotsa, popanda danga, lembani dzina la mndandanda wotsitsa, womwe tidamupatsa wapamwamba. Pambuyo pake, dinani batani "Zabwino".
Tsopano, mukayesa kuyika deta pamlingo womwe chiletso chidakhazikitsidwa, mndandanda umawonekera momwe mungasankhire pakati pa mfundo zoyikika bwino.
Ngati mukuyesa kulemba zilembo zotsutsana m'maselo awa, uthenga wolakwika uwonekere. Muyenera kubwerera ndikuchita zolondola.
Phunziro: Momwe mungapangire zolemba pansi mu Excel
Zachidziwikire, Excel ndiwotsika pamphamvu zake pamapulogalamu apadera opanga madatabase. Komabe, ili ndi zida zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakwaniritsa zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akufuna kupanga database. Popeza kuti mawonekedwe a Excel, poyerekeza ndi mapulogalamu apadera, amadziwika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri, pamenepa, kukula kwa Microsoft kumakhala ndi zabwino zina.
