Kuyang'ana kuchuluka kowuma kwa matebulo, zimakhala zovuta poyamba kuona chithunzi chachikulu chomwe akuimira. Koma, Microsoft Excel ili ndi chida chowonera chomwe mungathe kuwona momwe zinthu ziliri m'matebulo. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzitha kupeza zambiri mosavuta komanso mwachangu. Chida ichi chimatchedwa kuti kukhathamiritsa moyenera. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mawonekedwe mu Microsoft Excel.
Njira Zosavuta Zosintha Zosintha
Kuti mufotokoze gawo linalake la maselo, muyenera kusankha dera ili (pafupipafupi mzati), ndipo pa "Home", dinani batani la "Condiment Formatting", lomwe lili pa riboni "Zida".
Pambuyo pake, zosintha zazikhalidwe zofunikira zimatsegulidwa. Nayi mitundu itatu yayikulu yakusintha:
- Mbiri
- Makala a digito;
- Baji.
Pofuna kukhazikitsidwa monga histogram, sankhani mzere wa data ndikudina pazosankha zomwe zikugwirizana. Monga mukuwonera, mitundu ingapo ya ma histogram okhala ndi gradient ndi solid solid expression amaoneka kuti amasankhidwa. Sankhani chimodzi chomwe, m'malingaliro anu, chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kalembedwe ndi zomwe zili patebulo.
Monga mukuwonera, ma histogram amawoneka m'mitundu yosankhidwa ya mzati. Ndikokulitsa kuchuluka kwa maselo, ndizotalikirapo kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, muma Mabaibulo a Excel 2010, 2013 ndi 2016, ndizotheka kuwonetsa molondola zomwe zili mu histogram. Koma mtundu wa 2007 ulibe mwayi wotere.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito bala kapamwamba m'malo mwa histogram, ndizothekanso kusankha zosankha zingapo za chida ichi. Poterepa, monga lamulo, kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kwakukulu mu cell, kumakhala kokwanira mtundu wa sikelo.
Chida chosangalatsa kwambiri komanso chovuta kwambiri pakati pamagulu amtunduwu ndi zithunzi. Pali magulu anayi akuluakulu azithunzi: mayendedwe, mawonekedwe, zisonyezo, ndi makwerero. Njira iliyonse yosankhidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zosiyanasiyana pounika zomwe zili mu cell. Dera lonse losankhidwa limasankhidwa ndi Excel, ndipo ma cell onse am'magulu amagawidwa magawo molingana ndi mfundo zomwe zafotokozedwazo. Zithunzithunzi zobiriwira zimagwira ntchito pazofunikira kwambiri, mtundu wachikaso mpaka mulingo wapakatikati, ndipo malingaliro omwe amapezeka laling'ono lachitatu ali ndi zilembo zofiira.
Mukamasankha mivi, ngati zithunzi, kuwonjezera pa mapangidwe amtundu, kusaina mawonekedwe amomwe akuwongolera kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Chifukwa chake, muvi wotembenuzidwira kumtunda umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazofunikira zazikulu, kumanzere - kwa mitengo yapakatikati, pansi - mpaka yaying'ono. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito manambala, mitengo yayikulu kwambiri imakhala ndi bwalo, sing'anga wokhala ndi makona atatu, komanso yaying'ono ndi rhombus.
Malamulo akusankha maselo
Mwachisawawa, lamulo limagwiritsidwa ntchito momwe maselo onse a chidutswa chosankhidwa amawonetsedwa ndi mtundu kapena chithunzi, molingana ndi mfundo zomwe zili m'mawuwo. Koma, pogwiritsa ntchito menyu, zomwe tanena kale pamwambapa, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito malamulo ena.
Dinani pa menyu wazinthu "Malamulo akusankha maselo." Monga mukuwonera, pali malamulo asanu ndi awiri oyambira:
- Zambiri;
- Zochepa;
- Mofananamo;
- Pakati;
- Tsiku
- Makhalidwe obwereza.
Ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito izi mwa zitsanzo. Sankhani maselo osiyanasiyana, ndikudina pazinthu "Zambiri ...".
Iwindo limatsegulidwa pomwe muyenera kukhazikitsa mfundo zazikulu kuposa zomwe zidzatsimikizidwe. Izi zimachitika mu "Fomu ya maselo omwe ndiakulu". Mwachidziwikire, mtengo wapakati pamasamba umangokhala pano, koma mutha kuyika wina, kapena kunena adilesi ya foni yomwe ili ndi nambala iyi. Njira yotsirizayi ndiyoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito matebulo osinthika momwe deta imasinthira nthawi zonse, kapena mu cell momwe formula imayikidwa. Mwachitsanzo, timayika mtengo wake mpaka 20,000.
M'munda wotsatira, muyenera kusankha momwe maselo adzaunikidwire: kudzaza kofiirira ndi mtundu wofiira wakuda (mosasintha); kudzaza wachikaso ndi mawu achikuda achikuda; mawu ofiira, etc. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mawonekedwe.
Mukapita ku chinthu ichi, zenera limatsegulidwa pomwe mungasinthe zosankha, monga momwe mumafunira, pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafonti, kudzazidwa, ndi malire.
Pambuyo poti taganiza, ndi malingaliro omwe ali pazenera la malamulo osankha, dinani batani "Chabwino".
Monga mukuwonera, maselo amasankhidwa, malinga ndi lamulo lokhazikitsidwa.
Ndi mfundo zomwezi, mfundo zimaperekedwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito Malamulo Ocheperako, Pakati, ndi Ofanana. Pokhapokha poyambira, maselo amapatsidwa zochepa poyerekeza ndi mtengo womwe mumayikiridwa ndi inu; lachiwiri, gawo la manambala likhazikitsidwa, maselo omwe adzagawidwe; kachitatu, nambala yodziwika imasankhidwa, ndipo okhawo omwe ali nayo ndiosankhidwa.
Zolemba zomwe zili ndi lamulo la kusankha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamaselo amitundu. Muwindo lakukhazikitsa, muyenera kutchula mawu, gawo la mawu, kapena mawu otsatizana, akapezeka, maselo ofananirako adzawunikidwa momwe mwakhazikitsira.
Lamulo la Date limagwira maselo omwe ali ndi mfundo mu mtundu wa deti. Nthawi yomweyo, munthawi yomwe mutha kukhazikitsa maselo pofika zomwe zachitika kapena zidzachitike: lero, dzulo, mawa, kwa masiku 7 omaliza, ndi zina zambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la "Kubwereza Mfundo", mutha kusintha masankhidwe molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe amasungidwamo amagwirizana ndi chimodzi mwazomwezo: ngati deta ikubwerezedwa kapena ndiyosiyana.
Malamulo posankha zoyambirira ndi zomaliza
Kuphatikiza apo, mndandanda wazokonza zofunikira uli ndi chinthu china chosangalatsa - "Malamulo posankha zoyambirira ndi zomaliza." Apa mutha kukhazikitsa kusankha kwa zazikulu kapena zazing'onoting'ono kwambiri pazosiyanasiyana za maselo. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito kusankha, mwakuthupi komanso mwa kuchuluka. Pali njira zotsatirazi zosankha, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa muzosankha mndandanda:
- Zinthu 10 zoyambayo;
- 10% yoyamba;
- Zinthu 10 zomaliza;
- 10% yomaliza;
- Koposa avareji;
- Pansi pa avareji.
Koma, mutadina pazinthu zomwe zikugwirizana, mutha kusintha malamulowo pang'ono. Zenera limatseguka momwe mtundu amasankhidwa, ndipo ngati mukufuna, mutha kukhazikitsa malire osiyana ndi ena. Mwachitsanzo, podina "Zinthu 10 Zoyambirira", pazenera lomwe limatsegulira, mu "Fomola maselo oyamba", sinthani nambala 10 ndi 7. Chifukwa chake, mutadina batani "OK", osati mfundo zazikulu 10 zomwe zasankhidwa, koma 7 okha.
Pangani malamulo
Pamwambapa, tinakambirana za malamulo omwe akhazikitsidwa kale ku Excel, ndipo wosuta akhoza kungosankha iliyonse mwa iyo. Koma, kuwonjezera apo, ngati angafune, wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kupanga malamulo awo.
Kuti muchite izi, dinani pa "Malamulo Ena ..." omwe ali kumapeto kwenikweni pamndandanda uliwonse wamakonzedwe ochepetsa. Kapena dinani pa "Pangani lamulo ..." lomwe lili pansi pa mndandanda wazofunikira.
Iwindo limatsegulidwa pomwe muyenera kusankha umodzi mwa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya malamulo:
- Pangani maselo onse kutengera zomwe amaganiza;
- Maselo okhaokha omwe ali;
- Chitani mawonekedwe oyamba ndi otsiriza okha;
- Mawonekedwe okha omwe ali pamwamba kapena otsika pang'ono;
- Maonekedwe okhaokha apadera;
- Gwiritsani ntchito njira yofotokozera maselo osankhidwa.
Malinga ndi mtundu wosankhidwa wa malamulo, mmunsi mwa zenera muyenera kusintha kusintha kwa malongosoledwe pokhazikitsa mfundo, nthawi ndi mfundo zina, zomwe takambirana kale pansipa. Pokhapokha ngati izi, kukhazikitsa mfundozi kumakhala kosinthasintha. Imakhazikitsidwa nthawi yomweyo, posintha mawonekedwe, malire ndi kudzaza, momwe kusankhaku kumawonekera chimodzimodzi. Zosintha zonse zikamalizidwa, muyenera dinani batani "Chabwino" kuti musunge zosintha.
Kuwongolera koyang'anira
Mu Excel, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo angapo nthawi imodzi pamitundu yofanana, koma lamulo lomaliza lokha lomwe liziwonetsedwa pazenera. Kuti muwongolere kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi maselo enaake, muyenera kusankha mankhwalawa, ndipo pazosankha zazikulu zokhala ndi masanjidwe, pitani ku chinthu choyang'anira.
Zenera limatseguka pomwe malamulo onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosankhidwa maselo amaperekedwa. Malamulo amayikidwa kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi monga alembedwera. Chifukwa chake, ngati malamulowo akutsutsana, ndiye kuti kupangidwa kokha kwaposachedwa kwambiri kumawonekera pazenera.
Kusintha malamulo, pali mabatani omwe ali ngati mivi amaloza mmwamba ndi pansi. Kuti lamulo liziwonetsedwa pazenera, muyenera kuyisankha ndikudina batani ili muvi woloza pansi mpaka pomwe lamulo litenga mzere wotsiriza pamndandandawo.
Pali njira inanso. Muyenera kuyang'ana bokosi lomwe lili mgulu lomwe lili ndi dzina la "Imani ngati ndiowona" mosiyana ndi lamulo lomwe tikufuna. Chifukwa chake, kupitilira malamulo kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi, pulogalamuyo imayimilira pomwe ili pafupi ndi pomwe chizindikiro ichi sichiri kutsikira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti lamuloli lidzakwaniritsidwa.
Pazenera lomwelo pali mabatani omwe amapanga ndikusintha lamulo lomwe mwasankha. Pambuyo podina mabatani awa, mawindo opanga ndikusintha malamulo, omwe tidakambirana pamwambapa, amatsegulidwa.
Kuti muchotse lamulo, muyenera kuyisankha ndikudina batani la "Delete Rule".
Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kufufuta malamulowo pogwiritsa ntchito mndandanda waukulu wa mitundu yozikika. Kuti muchite izi, dinani pazinthu "Fufutani malamulo". Submenu imatsegulira pomwe mungasankhe imodzi mwazosankha: mwina chotsani malamulowo pokhapokha maselo osankhidwa, kapena chotsani malamulo onse omwe ali patsamba lotseguka la Excel.
Monga mukuwonera, makonzedwe amitundu ndi chida champhamvu kwambiri pakuwona zithunzi patebulo. Ndi iyo, mutha kusinthira tebulo kuti chidziwitso chonse pa icho chikhozedwe ndi wogwiritsa ntchito pang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, makonzedwe azikhalidwe amapereka chisangalalo chachikulu pa chikalatacho.
