Mndandanda wamabuku umatanthauzira mndandanda wazomwe zalembedwa muzolemba zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amatanthauza polenga. Komanso, zomwe zalembedwazi zimaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazomwe zatchulidwa. Pulogalamu ya MS Office imapereka kuthekera kopanga marembulo mwachangu komanso mosavuta, omwe agwiritse ntchito chidziwitso cha magwero a zolemba zomwe zalembedwa.
Phunziro: Momwe mungapangire zolemba zokha mu Mawu
Kuonjezera ulalo ndi gwero lolemba ndi chikalata
Ngati mukulumikiza ulalo watsopano ku chikalatachi, palinso buku latsopano lazopangidwanso, liziwonetsedwa mndandanda wazithunzithunzi.
1. Tsegulani chikalata chomwe mukufuna kupanga mndandanda wazowonjezera, ndikupita ku tabu "Maulalo".
2. Mu gulu “Mndandanda wa mabuku” dinani muvi pafupi ndi "Mitundu".
3. Kuchokera pa mndandanda wotsika, sankhani mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna kutsata zolemba ndi ulalo.
Chidziwitso: Ngati chikalata chomwe mumawonjezera mndandandandawo chili m'mbiri ya sayansi ya anthu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito masitepe pazowerenga ndi zolemba "APA" ndi “MLA”.
4. Dinani pamalopo kumapeto kwa chikalatacho kapena mawu oti agwiritse ntchito ngati chofotokozeracho.
5. Kanikizani batani "Ikani ulalo"ili m'gululi "Zowona ndi zolozera"tabu "Maulalo".
6. Chitani zofunikira:
- Onjezani kwatsopano: kuwonjezera zidziwitso zatsopano za mabuku;
- Onjezani malo atsopano: Onjezani m'malo kuti muwone malo omwe mawuwo alembedwa. Lamuloli limakupatsaninso mwayi kuti mulembe zowonjezera. Chizindikiro cha mafunso chikuwoneka kuchokera kwa woyang'anira pafupi ndi komwe amakhala.
7. Dinani muvi pafupi ndi bokosilo. "Source Source"kuti mulowe zidziwitso zakomwe gwero lalembalo.
Chidziwitso: Buku, tsamba logwiritsira ntchito intaneti, lipoti, ndi zina zambiri zingakhale ngati buku lolemba.
8. Lowetsani zofunikira pakulemba pazosankhidwa za mabuku.
- Malangizo: Kuti mupeze zowonjezera, onani bokosi pafupi "Onetsani mbali zonse zamndandanda".
Ndemanga:
- Ngati mwasankha GOST kapena ISO 690 monga kalembedwe ka magwero, ndipo cholumikizachi sichili chapadera, muyenera kuwonjezera mtundu wa zilembo pamalopo. Chitsanzo cha kulumikizana kotere: [Pasteur, 1884a].
- Ngati mtundu wa gwero ntchito "ISO 690 - Digital Sequence", ndipo maulalo nthawi yomweyo amapezeka molakwika, kuwonetsa kulumikizana, dinani mawonekedwe "ISO 690" ndikudina “EN EN”.
Phunziro: Momwe mungapangire sitampu mu MS Mawu molingana ndi GOST
Sakani ku gwero la mabuku
Kutengera mtundu wa zikalata zomwe mukulenga, komanso kuchuluka kwake, mndandanda wazomwe zingakhalepo ndi zomwe zingakhale zosiyana. Ndibwino ngati mndandanda wazidziwitso womwe wogwiritsa ntchito adakhala wochepa, koma zosiyana ndizotheka.
Ngati mndandanda wazomwe zalembedwazi ndi waukulu kwambiri, ndizotheka kuti kulumikizana ndi ena mwa iwo kukuwonetsa mu chikalata china.
1. Pitani ku tabu "Maulalo" ndikanikizani batani "Oyang'anira magwero"ili m'gululi "Zowona ndi zolozera".
Ndemanga:
- Ngati mutsegula chikalata chatsopano chomwe sichinenepo zolemba komanso malembedwe, magwero omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapepala omwe adapangidwa kale azilembedwa “Mndandanda Waukulu”.
- Ngati mutsegula chikalata chomwe chili kale ndi maulalo ndi mawu, zolemba zawo zikuwonetsedwa “Mndandanda Wapano”. Zolemba zomwe zatchulidwa mu izi ndi / kapena mapangidwe omwe adapangidwa kale zidzakhalanso mndandanda wa "Mndandanda waukulu".
2. Kuti mupeze magwero ofunikira, chitani chimodzi mwa izi:
- Sanjani ndi mutu, dzina la wolemba, tepi yolumikizira, kapena chaka. Pa mndandanda, pezani magwero ofunikira;
- Lowetsani dzina la wolemba kapena mutu wa gwero lazomwe mukufuna kupeza mukasaka. Mndandanda wosinthidwa kwambiri uwonetsa zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi funso lanu.
Phunziro: Momwe mungapangire mutu wa Mawu
- Malangizo: Ngati mukufuna kusankha mindandanda ina (yayikulu) yomwe mungathe kulowetsamo zolemba zolemba zomwe mukugwira nawo, dinani “Mwachidule” (kale "Mwachidule woyang'anira") Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri pogawana fayilo. Chifukwa chake, chikalata chomwe chili pakompyuta ya mnzake kapena, mwachitsanzo, patsamba la webusayiti yophunzitsira, chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mndandanda wokhala ndi mabuku.
Kusintha cholumikizira
Nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kukhazikitsa malo oti chiwonetserochi chikuwonetsedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, chidziwitso chonse cha zolemba zakonzedwa kuti chiziwonjezedwa pambuyo pake.
Chifukwa chake, ngati mndandandawo udapangidwa kale, ndiye kuti zosintha pazomwe zakupezekazi zikuwonekera mndandanda wa mabuku, ngati zidapangidwa kale.
Chidziwitso: Chowoneka ndi mafunso chikuwoneka pafupi ndi wowasungira woyang'anira.
1. Kanikizani batani "Oyang'anira magwero"ili m'gululi "Zowona ndi zolozera"tabu "Maulalo".
2. Sankhani mu gawo “Mndandanda Wapano” malo osungira.
Chidziwitso: Mu oyang'anira magwero, magwero a malo amawonetsedwa malinga ndi mayina amtundu (chimodzimodzi monga magwero ena). Mwachidziwikire, mayina amalo tagi ndi manambala, koma nthawi zonse mutha kutchula dzina lina lililonse kwa iwo.
3. Dinani “Sinthani”.
4. Dinani muvi pafupi ndi bokosilo. "Source Source"kusankha mtundu woyenera, kenako ndikuyamba kulemba zokhudza gwero la mabukuwo.
Chidziwitso: Buku, magazini, lipoti, tsamba logwiritsira ntchito intaneti, ndi zina zambiri zingakhale ngati buku lolemba.
5. Lowetsani zofunikira zokhudzana ndi zolemba zanu za komwe mabukuwo adachokera.
- Malangizo: Ngati simukufuna kulemba pamanja mayina mwanjira yomwe ikufunika kapena yofunikira, gwiritsani ntchito batani kuti muchepetse ntchitoyo. “Sinthani” kudzaza.
Chongani bokosi pafupi "Onetsani mbali zonse zamndandanda"kulowetsamo zambiri zokhuza magwero a mabukuwo.
Phunziro: Momwe mungasinthiretu mndandanda mu Mawu
Pangani zolemba
Mutha kupanga mndandanda wazidziwitso nthawi iliyonse pambuyo poti chiwonetsero chimodzi kapena zingapo zalonjezedwa. Ngati palibe chidziwitso chokwanira kuti mupange kulumikizana kwathunthu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito osungira. Potere, mutha kuyika zowonjezera pambuyo pake.
Chidziwitso: Maumboni samawonekera mndandanda wazomwe zalembedwazi.
1. Dinani m'malo mwa chikalatacho pomwe mndandanda wazowonjezera uyenera kukhalapo (kuthekera kwakukulu, uku kumakhala kumapeto kwa chikalata)
2. Kanikizani batani “Mbiri”ili m'gululi "Zowona ndi zolozera"tabu "Maulalo".
3. Kuti muwonjezere mndandanda wazowerengera ku chikalatachi, sankhani “Mbiri” (gawo “Omangidwa”) ndi mtundu wa mindandanda yazofanizira.
4. Mndandanda wazomwe mwapanga udzaonjezedwa kumalo omwe alembedwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, sinthani mawonekedwe ake.
Phunziro: Kusintha mawu mu Mawu
Ndizo, zonse, chifukwa tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungapangire mndandanda wazidziwitso mu Microsoft Mawu, mutakonzekera kale mndandanda wazinthu zolemba. Tikufuna kuti mukhale ndi maphunziro osavuta komanso ogwira mtima.
