Kusankha kwa rauta. Ndi njira iti ya Wi-Fi yogulira nyumba?

Masana abwino

Lero tili ndi cholembedwa chotalika pang'ono pa kachipangizo kakang'ono kamodzi - rauta. Pazonse, kusankha rauta nthawi zambiri kumadalira zinthu ziwiri zazikulu: wopereka wanu intaneti ndi ntchito zomwe mukufuna kuthana nazo. Kuyankha funso limodzi ndi lina, ndikofunikira kukhudza magawo ambiri. Ndikukhulupirira kuti maupangiri omwe ali mu nkhaniyi azakuthandizani kusankha zoyenera ndikugula Wi-Fi rauta ndendende yomwe mukufuna (nkhaniyo ikhale yosangalatsa, choyambirira, kwa ogwiritsa ntchito wamba omwe amagula rauta yanyumba, osati kukhazikitsa netiweki yakanthawi iliyonse) bungwe lina).

Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiyambe ...

1. Zochititsa chidwi ndi ntchito zomwe ma routers amatha kuthana nazo

Tiyeni tiyambenso kuti router ndiyofunikira pokhapokha ngati mukufuna kulumikiza pa intaneti ndi zida zina mnyumba, monga TV, laputopu, foni, piritsi, ndi zina, kupatula kompyuta yokhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zonsezi zitha kusinthana ndi data ndi mzake pa intaneti.

ZyXEL rauta - kowonera kumbuyo.

Router iliyonse ili ndi madoko oyenera kulumikiza: WAN ndi 3-5 LAN.

Chingwe chanu kuchokera ku ISP chikugwirizana ndi WAN.

Makompyuta osunthika amalumikizidwa ku doko la LAN, mwa njira, sindikuganiza kuti wina ali ndi oposa 2 a iwo m'nyumba.

Chofunika komanso chofunikira kwambiri - rauta iyi imakhazikitsanso nyumba yanu ndi intaneti yopanda zingwe ya Wi-Fi komwe zida zothandizira ukadaulo uwu (mwachitsanzo, laputopu) zimatha kulumikizana. Chifukwa cha izi, mutha kuyenda mozungulira nyumbayo mutakhala ndi laputopu m'manja ndikulankhula modekha pa Skype, kusewera nthawi yomweyo. Wow?!

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pama routers amakono ndi kukhalapo kwa cholumikizira cha USB.

Adzapereka chiyani?

1) USB imalola, choyambirira, kulumikiza chosindikizira ku rauta. Makina osindikizira azitsegulidwa pa netiweki yakwanuko, ndipo mutha kusindikiza kwa chipangizo chilichonse m'nyumba mwanu chomwe chalumikizana ndi rauta.

Ngakhale, mwachitsanzo, kwa ineyo izi sizabwino, chifukwa chosindikizira chitha kulumikizidwa ndi kompyuta ndikutsegulira kudzera Windows. Zowona, kuti mutumize chikalata chosindikizira, chosindikizira ndi kompyuta yomwe ikulumikizidwa iyenera kuyatsidwa. Printer ikalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi rauta, simuyenera kuyatsa kompyuta.

2) Mutha kulumikiza USB flash drive kapena ngakhale hard drive yakunja ku doko la USB. Izi ndizothandiza pakafunika kugawana zidziwitso zonse nthawi imodzi pazida zonse. Ndizosavuta ngati mukayika makanema pamayendedwe akunja ndikuwalumikiza ku rauta kuti mutha kuwona makanema pazida zilizonse kunyumba.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti izi zitha kuchitikanso mu Windows, mwa kutsegulira kupeza chikwatu kapena disk yonse mukakhazikitsa netiweki yakomweko. Chokhacho, kompyuta kachiwiri iyeneranso kuyatsidwa.

3) Ma routers ena ali ndi mtsinje womwe unamangidwa (mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina ya Asus), kuti kudzera pa USB athe kutsitsa mwachindunji zidziwitso kuzowonera zomwe zimalumikizidwa nawo. Chokhacho ndikuti kuthamanga kwotsitsa nthawi zina kumakhala kochepera kuposa ngati mwatsitsa fayiloyo mwachindunji pakompyuta.

Router ASUS RT-N66U. Makasitomala omangidwa mumtsinje ndi makina osindikiza.

2.Koyambira kusankha rauta?

Inemwini, ndikulimbikitsani kuti muyambe mwazindikira kuti ndi njira iti yomwe mumalumikizira intaneti. Mutha kuchita izi ndi omwe akukuthandizani pa intaneti, kapena tchulani mu mgwirizano (kapena papepala lomwe lalumikizidwa ndi mgwirizano ndi zoikamo intaneti). Pakati pa magawo opezeka, nthawi zonse amalembedwa ndiomwe mungalumikizane ndi protocol.

Pambuyo pokhapokha, mutha kuyang'ana liwiro lochirikizidwa, mtundu, etc. Mwalingaliro langa, simungathe kulabadira utoto, monga atsikana ambiri amachitira, mulimonse, chipangizocho chikhala chitagona kwinakwake kuseri kwa chofunda, pansi, pomwe palibe sakuwona ...

2.1. Ma Protocol Othandizira

Ndipo motero, ku Russia, ma intaneti ambiri amalumikizidwa ndi mapuloteni atatu: PPTP, PPPoE, L2PT. Wodziwika bwino mwina ndi PPPoE.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pawo?

Dziwani kwambiri zaumisiri ndi mawu ake, ndikuganiza kuti sizomveka. Ndilongosola m'chinenerochi. PPPoE ndiosavuta kukhazikitsa kuposa, titi, PPTP. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mungakonze PPPoE, mumalakwitsa momwe mungakhazikitsire LAN, koma lembani dzina lolowera achinsinsi molondola - rauta yanu imalumikizidwa pa intaneti, ndipo ngati mungakonze PPTP, ndiye kuti simutero.

Kuphatikiza apo, PPPoE imalola kuthamanga kwa kulumikizana kwapamwamba, pafupifupi 5-15%, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 50-70%.

Ndikofunikanso kulabadira zomwe amapereka omwe amakupatsani, kuwonjezera pa intaneti. Mwachitsanzo, "Corbina" imapereka, kuphatikiza pa intaneti, kulumikizidwa kwa telephony ya IP ndi wailesi yakanema pa intaneti. Poterepa, mukufunikira rauta kuti izithandizira paukadaulo wa multicast.

Mwa njira, ngati mulumikizana ndi wothandizira ma intaneti kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri rauta imaperekedwanso kwa inu kuwonjezera, simuyenera kugula. Zowona, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mawu akuti ngati mutha kuthetsa mgwirizano wolumikizana ndi intaneti nthawi isanakwane, muyenera kubwezeretsanso njirayo motetezeka, kapena mtengo wake wonse. Samalani!

2.2. Kuthamanga kothandizidwa pa intaneti ya Wi-Fi (802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n)

Mitundu yambiri yama router yamagetsi imathandizira 802.11g, zomwe zikutanthauza kuthamanga kwa 54 Mbps. Ngati mutanthauzira kuthamanga kwachidziwitso mwachangu, mwachitsanzo, momwe pulogalamu yamtsinje umawonetsera, izi sizoposa 2-3 Mb / s. Osati mwachangu, tinene ... Ngakhale, nthawi zambiri, kulumikiza laputopu imodzi ndi foni ku intaneti + kudzera pa chingwe cha pakompyuta - izi ndizokwanira. Ngati simukutulutsa zambiri kuchokera mumtsinje ndipo mungagwiritse ntchito laputopu kokha pantchito, izi ndizokwanira ntchito zambiri.

Mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri yama router imatsatira mtundu watsopano wa 802.11n. Pochita, nthawi zambiri, kuthamanga kwa zida zopitilira 300 Mbps izi sizimawonetsa. Mwa njira, posankha rauta iyi, ndingakulimbikitse kuyang'anira chidwi ndi zomwe mukugula.

Linksys WRT1900AC Dual Band Gigabit Wireless Router (yothandizidwa ndi Dual Band). CPU 1.2 GHz.

Mwachitsanzo, laputopu yapakatikati m'chipinda chotsatira kuchokera pa rauta (iyi ndi kumbuyo kwa makoma a konkire / njerwa) m'malo amatauni - sindikuganiza kuti kuthamanga kwake kulumikizidwe kukwera kuposa 50-70 Mbit / s (5-6 Mb / s).

Zofunika! Tchera khutu ku chiwerengero cha tinyanga ta rauta. Kuchulukitsa ndi kukula kwa chiwerengerocho, ndikoyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Pali mitundu yomwe mulibe ma antennala konse - sindikuvomereza kuti mutenge tinyanga tating'onoting'ono, pokhapokha mutakonza zotengera zida zolumikizidwa mchipindacho pomwe router ili.

Ndipo yomaliza. Chonde dziwani ngati mtundu wa router yanu umagwirizana ndi Dual Band standard. Muyeso uwu umalola kuti rauta izi zizigwira pafupipafupi: 2.4 ndi 5 GHz. Izi zimathandizira rauta kuti nthawi imodzi agwirizane ndi zida ziwiri: imodzi yomwe idzagwire ntchito pa 802.11g ndi 802.11n. Ngati rauta siyigwirizana ndi Dual Band - ndiye kuti nthawi yomweyo imagwiranso ntchito zida ziwiri (ndi 802.11g ndi 802.11n) - liwiro lidzatsikira pang'ono, i.e. pa 802.11g.

2.3. Chingwe Chachangu Chothandizira (Ethernet)

Pankhaniyi, zonse ndizosavuta. 99.99% ya ma routers amathandizira miyezo iwiri: Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet.

1) Pafupifupi mitundu yonse (osachepera yomwe ndidayiwona pamsika) othamanga kuchokera ku 100 Mbps. Izi ndizokwanira kuthetsa mavuto ambiri.

2) Ma routers ena, makamaka mitundu yatsopano, amathandizira muyezo watsopano - Gigabit Ethernet (mpaka 1000 Mbps). Zabwino kwambiri kwa LAN yakunyumba, komabe, pochita liwiro lidzakhala lotsika.

Pano ndikufuna kunena chinthu chinanso. Pamabokosi okhala ndi ma rauta, ndi mtundu wanji womwe samangolembera: kuthamanga konse, ndi ma laputopu okhala ndi mapiritsi, manambala pansi pa bokosi ndi Mbps - kokha palibe purosesa yayikulu. Koma zambiri pazomwe zili pansipa ....

2.4. Mawu ochepa za purosesa. Zofunika!

Chowonadi ndi chakuti rauta si malo ongotulutsa, amafunika kusuntha mapaketi molondola, kusintha ma adilesi, kusefa pazida zosiyanasiyana, kwinaku akuwunika mitundu yonse yazosankha (zomwe amati makolo amazilamulira) kuti chidziwitso cha iwo chisapite pakompyuta.

Ndipo rauta uyenera kuchita izi mwachangu, osasokoneza ntchito ya wogwiritsa ntchito. Kuthetsa mavuto onsewa, purosesa mu rauta imatithandizanso.

Chifukwa chake, pandekha, sindinawone pabokosi zilembo zazikulu zokhuza purosesa yomwe imayikidwa mu chipangizocho. Koma pa izi mwachindunji kumatengera kuthamanga kwa chipangizocho. Mwachitsanzo, tengani bajeti yotsika mtengo ya D-link DIR-320 rauta, ilibe purosesa yamphamvu, chifukwa cha izi, kuthamanga kwa Wi-Fi kudula (mpaka 10-25 Mbit / s, uku ndi kwakukulu), ngakhale kumathandizira 54 Mbit / s.

Ngati liwiro lanu la intaneti likucheperako poyerekeza ndi manambala - mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma routers otetezedwa - simunazindikire kusiyana kwake, koma ngati kuli kokulirapo ... Ndikufuna kusankha chinthu chodula kwambiri (ndi thandizo la 802.11n).

Zofunika! Pulosesayo imakhudza osati liwiro lokha, komanso kukhazikika. Ndikuganiza kuti wina amene wagwiritsa ntchito ma routers kale amadziwa kuti nthawi zina intaneti imatha "kusweka" kangapo pa ola limodzi, makamaka mukatsitsa mafayilo kuchokera kusefukira. Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi izi, ndikupangira chidwi chambiri ndi purosesa. Inemwini, ndikupangira kuti osachepera 600-700 MHz processors osaganiziranso.

2,5. About mtundu ndi mitengo: Asus, TP-Link, ZyXEL, etc.

Mwambiri, ngakhale osiyanasiyana ma routers pama mashelufu osungira, otchuka kwambiri amatha kuwerengetsa zala za dzanja limodzi: Asus, TP-Link, ZyXEL, Netgear, D-link, TrendNET. Ndikuganiza zongokhala.

Nditha kuwagawa onse m'magulu atatu a mitengo: zotsika mtengo, zapakatikati, ndi zina zotsika mtengo.

TP-Link, ma D-Link ma routers angaoneke kuti ndi otsika mtengo. M'malo mwake, amalumikizana bwino ndi intaneti, intaneti wamba, koma palinso zovuta. Ndi katundu wambiri, mwachitsanzo, mumatsitsa china chake mumtsinje, kusamutsa fayilo pa intaneti yakomweko - zitheka kuti kulumikizana sikungaswe. Muyenera kudikirira masekondi 30-60. pomwe rauta imakhazikitsa kulumikizana ndi zida. Mphindi yosasangalatsa kwambiri. Ndimakumbukira makamaka rauta yanga yakale ya TrendNET - cholumikizacho sichidalumikizidwe nthawi zonse ndipo rauta ija idakhazikikanso pamene kuthamanga kwatsitsa kumayandikira mtengo wa 2 Mb / s. Chifukwa chake, amayenera kukhala ochepa okha a 1.5 Mb / s.

Ku gulu la mitengo yapakati Asus ndi TrendNET. Kwa nthawi yayitali ndinkagwiritsa ntchito rauta ya Asus 520W. Mwambiri, zida zabwino. Pulogalamu yokhayo nthawi zina imalephera. Mwachitsanzo, mpaka nditayika firmware kuchokera ku Oleg, rauta ya Asus inali yosakhazikika (pazambiri pa izi: //oleg.wl500g.info/).

Mwa njira, sindikukulimbikitsani kuti mulumikizane ndi firmware ya router ngati simunakhalepo ndi luso lokwanira kale. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati china chake chasokonekera, chitsimikiziro cha chipangizochi sichikutalikiranso ndipo simungathe kuchibwezera ku sitolo.

Eya, okwera mtengo akuphatikiza Netgear ndi ZyXEL. Ma NFoutar ma routers ndi osangalatsa kwambiri. Ndi ntchito yayikulu mokwanira - sizimalumikizana ndipo zimakupatsani mwayi wogwira ntchito bwino ndi mitsinje. Ndi ZyXEL, mwatsoka, sindinadziwe kuyankhulana kwakutali, kotero ndikukuuzani zochepa za iwo.

3. Mapeto: ndiye mtundu wanji wa rauta woti mugule?

NETGEAR WGR614

Ndikanachita motere:

1. - adaganiza zothandizidwa ndi intaneti (protocol, IP-telephony, etc.);
2. - ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a ntchito omwe routeryi idzathetse (ndi zida zingati zolumikizidwa, motani, kuthamanga kotani, ndi zina zambiri).
3. - Chabwino, sankhani ndalama, kuti mwatsimikiza kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zingati.

Mwakutero, rauta ikhoza kugulidwa kwa 600 komanso ma ruble 10,000.

1) Ngati muli ndi zida zotsika mtengo, mpaka ma ruble 2,000, mutha kukhalabe pa TP-LINK TL-WR743ND modera (malo ochezera a Wi-Fi, 802.11n, 150 Mbps, rauta, 4xLAN switch).

Komanso si choyipa chachikulu cha NETGEAR WGR614 (malo ochezera a Wi-Fi, 802.11g, 54 Mbps, rauta, 4xLAN switch).

2) Ngati tikulankhula za chipangizo chotsika mtengo, kwinakwake pozungulira ma ruble 3000 - mutha kuyang'ana ku ASUS RT-N16 (gigabit Wi-Fi mwayi wopeza, 802.11n, MIMO, 300 Mbps, rauta, 4xLAN switch, kusindikiza- seva).

3) Mukatenga rauta kuchokera pa 5000 - mpaka ma ruble 7000, ndikanayima ku Netgear WNDR-3700 (gigabit Wi-Fi point point, 802.11n, MIMO, 300 Mbps, rauta, 4xLAN switch). Kuchita kwakukulu ndi liwiro laofikira!

PS

Komanso musaiwale kuti zoikika bwino za rauta ndizofunikanso. Nthawi zina "nkhupakupa" zingapo zimakhudza kuthamanga kwambiri.

Ndizo zonse. Ndikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyo ithandiza munthu wina. Zabwino zonse. Mitengo ndiyopezeka panthawi yolemba.