Ubuntu Server Internet Kulumikiza

Chifukwa chakuti makina ogwiritsira ntchito a Ubuntu Server alibe chithunzi, ogwiritsa ntchito amakumana ndi zovuta poyesa kukhazikitsa intaneti. Nkhaniyi ikufotokozerani malamulo omwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mafayilo omwe muyenera kukonza kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.

Onaninso: Buku la Ubuntu Internet Kulumikiza Kukhazikitsidwa

Khazikitsani ma network ku Ubuntu Server

Musanapitilize ndi malangizo owongolera pang'onopang'ono, ndikofunikira kufotokoza zina zomwe ziyenera kuvomerezedwa.

• Muyenera kukhala ndi zolemba zonse zomwe zalandira kuchokera kwa omwe akupatsirani. Kuyika, mawu achinsinsi, chigoba cha subnet, adilesi yolowera pachipata ndi kuchuluka kwa manambala a seva ya DNS ziyenera kuwonetsedwa pamenepo.
• Oyendetsa makadi a Network akuyenera kukhala mtundu waposachedwa.
• Chingwe choperekera chimayenera kulumikizidwa molondola ndi kompyuta.
• Woteteza wothandizira sayenera kusokoneza netiweki. Ngati sizili choncho, yang'anani makonda ake ndikusintha ngati pakufunika kutero.

Komanso, simungathe kulumikizana ndi intaneti ngati simukudziwa dzina la khadi yanu yapaintaneti. Kuti mudziwe kuti izi ndizosavuta, muyenera kuthamangitsa:

sudo lshw -C network

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Pazotsatira, samalani kwambiri ndi mzere "dzina labwino", mtengo wotsutsana ndi iwo udzakhala dzina la mawonekedwe anu ochezera.

Pankhaniyi, dzina "eth0", koma zitha kukhala zosiyana kwa inu.

Chidziwitso: mutha kuwona mayina angapo mu mzere wotulutsa, izi zikutanthauza kuti muli ndi makadi angapo apa neti omwe aikidwa pakompyuta yanu. Poyamba, sankhani yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito zoikamo ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito pochita malangizo.

Intaneti yolumikizana

Ngati opereka anu amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti yolumikizira intaneti, muyenera kusintha kusintha kwa fayilo kuti musinthe "polumikizana". Koma zomwe zidzalowetsedwe mwachindunji zimatengera mtundu wa omwe amapereka IP. Pansipa mupezapo malangizo a mitundu yonse iwiri: IP yamphamvu ndi IP.

Mphamvu IP

Kukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwamtunduwu ndikosavuta, Nazi zomwe muyenera kuchita:

1. Tsegulani fayilo yosintha "polumikizana" kugwiritsa ntchito cholembera mawu nano.

   sudo nano / etc / network / mawonekedwe

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   Ngati simunasinthe fayilo iyi, ndiye kuti ikuwoneka chonchi:

   

   Kupanda kutero, fufutani zonse zomwe zalembedwa.

2. Kudumpha mzere umodzi, lowetsani magawo otsatirawa:

   iface [network interface name] inet dhcp
auto [dzina la maukonde]

3. Sungani zosintha mwa kukanikiza kopanira Ctrl + O ndi kutsimikizira ndi Lowani.
4. Tulukani zolembalemba podina Ctrl + X.

Zotsatira zake, fayilo yosinthira iyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe otsatirawa:

Izi zikukwaniritsa kukhazikitsa kwa ma waya ophatikizika ndi IP yamphamvu. Ngati intaneti sikuwonekeranso, ndiye kuti muyambitsenso kompyuta, nthawi zina izi zimathandiza.

Palinso njira ina, yosavuta yokhazikitsira intaneti.

sudo ip addr kuwonjezera [maadiresi a setiweki] / [kuchuluka kwa zoyambira pachiwonetsero cha ulendowo]] [dzina la setiweki]

Chidziwitso: Zambiri zokhudzana ndi adilesi ya network imatha kupezeka ndikuyendetsa ifconfig. Pazotsatira, mtengo wofunikira umapezeka pambuyo pa "inet addr".

Mukapereka lamulo, intaneti iyenera kuwonekera pakompyuta, pokhapokha ngati data yonse idalowetsedwa molondola. Choyipa chachikulu cha njirayi ndikuti mukayambiranso kompyuta, imasowa, ndipo kachiwiri muyenera kuyendetsa lamulo ili.

Static IP

Kukhazikitsa IP yokhazikika kuchokera ku IP yosinthika kumasiyanasiyana mu kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe iyenera kulowa fayilo "polumikizana". Kuti mupange kulumikizana koyenera, muyenera kudziwa:

• dzina la khadi yanu yapaintaneti;
• Masks a subnet a IP;
• Adilesi Ya Khomo
• Ma adilesi a seva a DNS

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, deta iyi iyenera kuperekedwa ndi omwe akukupatsani. Ngati muli ndi zofunikira zonse, tsatirani izi:

1. Tsegulani fayilo yosinthira.

   sudo nano / etc / network / mawonekedwe

2. Mutasiya gawo, lembani magawo onse mu mawonekedwe awa:

   iface [network mawonekedwe a dzina] inet tuli
adilesi [adilesi] (adilesi yamakalata apa neti)
netmask [adilesi] (subnet mask)
chipata [adilesi] (chitseko cholowera)
dns-nameservers [adilesi] (adilesi ya seva ya DNS)
auto [dzina la maukonde]

3. Sungani zosintha.
4. Tsekani mawu olemba.

Zotsatira zake, deta yonse yomwe ili mufayilo imayenera kuwoneka motere:

Tsopano kukhazikitsa netiweki yolumikizana ndi IP yoyipa imatha kuonedwa kuti ndi yathunthu. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mphamvu, ndikofunikira kuti muyambitsenso kompyuta yanu kuti zisinthe ziyambe kugwira ntchito.

PPPoE

Ngati wanu akukupatsani protocol ya PPPoE, kusinthaku kuyenera kuchitika kudzera mu zida zapadera zomwe zimalengezedwa ku Ubuntu Server. Adayimbira pppoeconf. Kuphatikiza kompyuta yanu pa intaneti, chitani izi:

1. Thamangitsani lamulo:

   sudo pppoeconf

2. Mu mawonekedwe a pseudographic a zofunikira zomwe zimawonekera, dikirani mpaka kusanthula kwa zida zamtaneti kumatsirize.
3. Pamndandanda, dinani Lowani mwa maukonde omwe mungakonzekere.

Chidziwitso: ngati mungakhale ndi mawonekedwe amodzi ochezera amodzi, zenera ili lidatsitsidwa.

4. Pazenera "MALO OOPANDA" dinani "Inde".



5. Pazenera lotsatira mudzapemphedwa kuti mupeze dzina lolowera achinsinsi - lowetsani ndi kutsimikizira podina Chabwino. Ngati mulibe deta ndi inu, imbani foni yanu ndikuyipeza.



6. Pazenera "Gwiritsani Ntchito Peer DNS" dinani "Ayi"ngati IP adilesi ndi tuli, ndipo "Inde"ngati yamphamvu. Poyambirira, mudzapemphedwa kulowa seva ya DNS pamanja.



7. Gawo lotsatira ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa MSS kufika pa maboti 1452. Muyenera kupereka chilolezo, izi zichotsa kuthekera kwa cholakwa chovuta mukalowa masamba ena.



8. Kenako, sankhani yankho "Inde"ngati mukufuna kompyuta kuti ilumikizike yokha pa intaneti mutayamba kuyambitsa. "Ayi" - ngati simukufuna.
9. Pazenera "SUNGANI Mgwirizano WABWINO"mwa kuwonekera "Inde", mupereka chilolezo ku zofunikira kukhazikitsa kulumikizana pano.

Ngati mungasankhe "Ayi", kenako mutha kulumikizana ndi intaneti pambuyo pake poyendetsa lamulo:

sudo pon dsl-wothandizira

Mutha kuimitsanso kulumikizana kwa PPPoE nthawi iliyonse ndikulowetsa izi:

sudo poff dsl-wopereka

Imbani

Pali njira ziwiri zosinthira DIAL-UP: kugwiritsa ntchito zofunikira pppconfig ndikupanga makonda mu fayilo yosinthira "wvdial.conf". Njira yoyamba m'nkhaniyo sinawerengeredwe mwatsatanetsatane, chifukwa malangizowo ndi ofanana ndi ndime yapitayi. Zomwe muyenera kudziwa ndi momwe mungayendere zofunikira. Kuti muchite izi, chitani:

sudo pppconfig

Pambuyo pa kuphedwa, mawonekedwe a pseudographic amawonekera. Poyankha mafunso omwe adzafunsidwa ndendende, mutha kukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa DIAL-UP.

Chidziwitso: Ngati mukulephera kuyankha mafunso ena, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulumikizane ndi omwe akuwapatsani kuti awonane.

Ndi njira yachiwiri, zonse ndizovuta. Chowonadi ndi chakuti fayilo yosinthika "wvdial.conf" sichiri m'dongosolo, ndipo pakupanga kwake ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa zofunikira, zomwe pogwira ntchito zimaganizira zofunikira zonse kuchokera pa modem ndikulowetsa mufayilo iyi.

1. Ikani zofunikira pothamanga lamulo:

   sudo apt khalani wvdial

2. Thamangitsani fayilo lomwe mungathe kutsatira ndi lamulo:

   sudo wvdialconf

   Pakadali pano, zofunikira zimapanga fayilo yosinthira ndikulowetsa magawo onse ofunikira. Tsopano muyenera kuyika deta kuchokera kwa omwe amapereka kuti kulumikizana kukhazikike.

3. Tsegulani fayilo "wvdial.conf" kudzera mwa cholembera mawu nano:

   sudo nano /etc/wvdial.conf

4. Lowetsani mizere m'mizere Foni, Zogwiritsa ntchito ndi Achinsinsi. Mutha kupeza zidziwitso zonse kuchokera kwa omwe amapereka.



5. Sungani zomwe mwasinthazo ndikutulutsa zolemba.

Mukatha kuchita izi, kuti mulumikizane ndi intaneti, muyenera kungoyendetsa lamulo lotsatirali:

sudo wvdial

Monga mukuwonera, njira yachiwiri ndi yovuta kwambiri kuyerekeza ndi yoyamba, koma ndi thandizo lake mutha kuyika magawo onse olumikizana ndikuwathandizira pakugwiritsa ntchito intaneti.

Pomaliza

Ubuntu Server ili ndi zida zonse zofunikira kukhazikitsa mtundu uliwonse wa intaneti. Nthawi zina, njira zingapo zimaperekedwa nthawi imodzi. Chachikulu ndikudziwa malamulo onse omwe amafunikira komanso data yomwe mukufuna kulowa mafayilo akusintha.