Masiku ano, makina ogwiritsira ntchito sawonetsedwa kuti alibe chilichonse. Chifukwa chake mu Linux. M'mbuyomu, mu OS, panali mbendera zazikulu zitatu zokha zomwe zimawongolera ufulu wa aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito, awa amawerenga, kulemba ndikuchita mwachindunji. Komabe, patapita kanthawi, opanga aja adazindikira kuti izi sizinali zokwanira ndipo adapanga magulu apadera ogwiritsa ntchito OS iyi. Ndi chithandizo chawo, anthu angapo amatha kupeza mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zomwezo.
Njira zowonjezera ogwiritsa ntchito pamagulu
Wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kusankha gulu loyambirira, lomwe lidzakhale gulu lalikulu, ndi mbali, yomwe atha kulumikizana. Ndikofunikira kufotokozera malingaliro awa:
- Gulu lalikulu (lalikulu) limapangidwa nthawi yomweyo atalembetsa mu OS. Izi zimachitika zokha. Wosuta ali ndi ufulu wokhala mgulu limodzi lokhalo, dzina lomwe nthawi zambiri limapatsidwa dzina malinga ndi dzina lomwe walowererapo.
- Magulu osankha ndi osankha, ndipo angasinthe pakugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta. Komabe, musaiwale kuti kuchuluka kwa magulu am'mbali ndi ochepa ndipo sangathe kupitirira 32.
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe mungalumikizane ndi magulu ogwiritsa ntchito pamagawidwe a Linux.
Njira 1: Ndondomeko za GUI
Tsoka ilo, palibe pulogalamu yomaliza ku Linux yomwe ili ndi ntchito yowonjezera magulu atsopano ogwiritsa ntchito. Poona izi, pulogalamu yina imagwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu lililonse lazithunzi.
KUser ya KDE
Kuphatikiza ogwiritsa ntchito pagululi m'magawo a Linux ndi chipolopolo cha desktop ya KDE, pulogalamu ya Kuser imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe ikhoza kuyikiridwa pakompyuta polemba kuti "Pokwelera" lamulo:
sudo apt-get kukhazikitsa
ndi kukanikiza Lowani.
Pulogalamuyi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyamba, omwe ndi osavuta kugwira nawo ntchito. Kuti muwonjezere wogwiritsa ntchito pagulu, muyenera dinani kawiri pa dzina lake, kenako, pazenera lomwe limawonekera, pitani ku tabu "Magulu" ndikuwona mabokosi omwe mukufuna kuwonjezera wosankhidwa.
Wogwiritsa Ntchito Gnome 3
Ponena za Gnome, ndiye kuti magulu oyang'anira magulu sanasiyanenso. Mukungofunika kukhazikitsa pulogalamu yoyenera, yomwe ili yofanana ndi yapita. Tiyeni tiwone chitsanzo cha kugawa kwa CentOS.
Kukhazikitsa Wogwiritsa Ntchito, muyenera kuthamangitsa lamulo:
sudo yum kukhazikitsa oyang'anira-osinthika
Kutsegula zenera la pulogalamuyi, muona:
Kuti mugwire ntchito yowonjezereka, dinani kawiri pa dzina lolowera natembenukira ku tabu yotchedwa "Magulu"zomwe zimatsegula pawindo latsopano. Mu gawo ili mutha kusankha ndendende magulu omwe mukufuna. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kungoyang'ana mabokosi osiyana ndi omwe mumakonda. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kusankha kapena kusintha gulu lalikulu:
Ogwiritsa ntchito ndi Magulu Aumodzi
Monga mukuwonera, kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu omwe ali pamwambawa siwosiyana. Komabe, pazithunzi zojambulidwa za Unity, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugawa Ubuntu komanso chitukuko cha opanga, kasamalidwe ka gulu la ogwiritsa ntchito amasiyanasiyana pang'ono. Koma zonse mu dongosolo.
Poyambitsa pulogalamu yofunikira. Izi zimachitika zokha, mutapereka lamulo lotsatirali "Pokwelera":
sudo apt gnome-system-zida
Ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera kapena kufufuta chimodzi mwa magulu omwe adalipo kapena ogwiritsa ntchito, pitani ku menyu yayikulu ndikudina batani Gulu Management (1). Pambuyo pazomwe zachitika, zenera lawonekera pamaso panu Zosankha zamagulu, momwe mungawone mndandanda wamagulu onse omwe akupezeka mu dongosolo:
Kugwiritsa ntchito batani "Katundu" (2) mutha kusankha gulu lanu lomwe mumakonda ndikuwonjezera ogwiritsa ntchito pongomenya.
Njira 2: Mawu omalizira
Kuti muwonjezere ogwiritsa ntchito pamakina opangidwa ndi Linux, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito maula, popeza njirayi imapereka njira zina. Pachifukwa ichi lamulo limagwiritsidwa ntchito.usermod- Idzakuthandizani kuti musinthe magawo momwe mumafunira. Mwa zina, mwayi wachilengedwe wogwira nawo ntchito "Pokwelera" ndizofunikira kwambiri - malangizowa ndiwofala ku magawidwe onse.
Syntax
Syntax yamalamulo siyovuta ndipo imaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu:
zosankha za usermod syntax
Zosankha
Tsopano zosankha zoyambirira za lamulolo ndi zomwe zikuganiziridwa.usermodomwe amakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera ogwiritsa ntchito pamagulu. Nayi mindandanda wawo:
- -g - imakupatsani mwayi kuti muike gulu lina lowonjezera la wogwiritsa ntchito, gulu loterolo liyenera kukhalapo kale, ndipo mafayilo onse mu chikwatu chakunyumba adzapita ku gululi.
- -G - magulu owonjezera apadera;
- -a - limakupatsani mwayi wosankha kuchokera pagulu la omwe angasankhe -G ndikuwonjezeranso pamagulu ena osankhidwa popanda kusintha mtengo wake;
Zachidziwikire, kuchuluka kwa zosankha ndikokulirapo, koma timangoganiza zokhazo zomwe zingafunikire kuti mumalize ntchitoyo.
Zitsanzo
Tsopano tiyeni tipitilize kuyeserera ndi kulingalira kugwiritsa ntchito lamulolo monga chitsanzousermod. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kuwonjezera owerenga atsopano pagulu sudo linux, zomwe zidzakhale zokwanira kuyendetsa lamulo lotsatira "Pokwelera":
sudo usermod -wogwiritsa ntchito gudumu
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuzindikira kuti ngati simumasankha zosankha kuchokera ku syntax a ndi kungochoka -G, pamenepo chithandizocho chidzangowononga magulu onse omwe mudapanga m'mbuyomu, ndipo izi zitha kubweretsa mavuto.
Onani citsanzo cosavuta. Mwachotsa gulu lanu lomwe mulipo kale gudumuonjezani wosuta pagulu diskKomabe, zitatha izi muyenera kuyambiranso password ndipo simudzatha kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu womwe mwapatsidwa kale.
Kuti mutsimikizire zambiri za ogwiritsa ntchito, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:
wogwiritsa ntchito
Pambuyo pa zonse zomwe zachitika, mutha kuwona kuti gulu lina lawonjezedwa, ndipo magulu onse omwe adalipo kale adakhalapobe. Mukafuna kuwonjezera magulu angapo nthawi imodzi, muyenera kuwasankha ndi comma.
sudo usermod -a -G ma disks, ogwiritsa ntchito ma vboxusers
Poyamba, mukapanga gulu lalikulu la ogwiritsidwayo ali ndi dzina lake, komabe, ngati angafune, mutha kulisintha kukhala lililonse lomwe mungafune, mwachitsanzo, ogwiritsa ntchito:
sudo usermod -g wogwiritsa ntchito
Chifukwa chake, mukuwona kuti dzina la gulu lalikulu lasintha. Zosankha zofananazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito poonjezera owerenga atsopano pagululi. sudo linuxkugwiritsa ntchito lamulo losavuta useradd.
Pomaliza
Kuchokera pazonse pamwambapa, titha kutsimikiza kuti pali njira zambiri momwe mungawonjezere wogwiritsa ntchito pagulu la Linux, ndipo iliyonse ndi yabwino mwa njira yake. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ndinu wosazindikira kapena mukufuna kumaliza ntchitoyo mwachangu komanso mosavuta, ndiye kuti njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi chithunzi. Ngati mungasinthe kusintha kwama kardinala m'magulu, ndiye pazofunikira izi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito "Pokwelera" ndi guluusermod.
