About chitetezo achinsinsi

Nkhaniyi ifotokoza momwe mungapangire password yotetezeka, ndi mfundo ziti zomwe zikuyenera kutsatidwa popanga, momwe mungasungire mapasiwedi komanso kuchepetsa mwayi wa ogwiritsa ntchito molakwika kuti athe kupeza zidziwitso ndi maakaunti anu.

Izi ndikupitiliza kwa nkhani ya "Kodi mawu anu achinsinsi amatha bwanji kusweka" ndipo zikutanthauza kuti mukudziwa zomwe zafotokozedwazo kapena mukudziwa njira zonse zazikulu zomwe mapasiwedi angagwiritsidwire ntchito.

Pangani mapasiwedi

Masiku ano, mukalembetsa akaunti ya pa intaneti, ndikupanga mawu achinsinsi, mumatha kuwona chizindikiro cha mphamvu ya mawu achinsinsi. Pafupifupi kulikonse kumagwira ntchito molingana ndi kuwunika kwa zinthu ziwiri izi: kutalika kwa mawu achinsinsi; kupezeka kwa zilembo zapadera, zilembo zazikulu ndi manambala achinsinsi.

Ngakhale kuti awa ndi magawo ofunikira kwambiri okanira kuthyolako ndi mphamvu ya brute, mawu achinsinsi omwe amawoneka kuti ndi odalirika ku dongosololi samachitika nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, mawu achinsinsi ngati "Pa $ $ w0rd" (ndipo pali zilembo zapadera ndi manambala pano) atha kusweka mwachangu kwambiri - chifukwa chakuti (monga momwe tafotokozera m'nkhani yapitayi) anthu samapanga mapasiwedi apadera (zosakwana 50% ya mapasiwedi ndiosiyana) ndipo njira yomwe akuwonetsera ndiyotheka kale patsamba lakatulutsidwe lomwe likupezeka kwa omwe akuukira.

Kodi zingakhale bwanji Njira yabwino ndiyakuti mugwiritse ntchito ma password opangira ma password (omwe akupezeka pa intaneti monga zothandizira pa intaneti, komanso ma password apakompyuta ambiri), kupanga mapasiwedi ataliatali osagwiritsa ntchito zilembo zapadera. Nthawi zambiri, mawu achinsinsi a 10 kapena kuposerapo a zilembozi sangakhale osangalatsidwa ndi wofuna kubera (mwachitsanzo, pulogalamu yake silingapangidwe kuti asankhe zosankha) chifukwa chakuti nthawi yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito singalipire. Posachedwa, wopanga-achinsinsi wopezeka mu bulogu la Google Chrome.

Mwanjira iyi, choyipa chachikulu ndikuti mapasiwedi otere ndi ovuta kukumbukira. Ngati pakufunika kukumbukira mawu achinsinsi, pali njira inanso potengera kuti mawu achinsinsi omwe ali ndi zilembo zapamwamba komanso zilembo zapadera amasokonekera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zikwizikwi kapena kuposerapo (manambala enieniwo amatengera nthawi yodziwika) kuposa mawu achinsinsi omwe ali ndi zilembo 20 zokhala ndi zilembo za Chilatini zochepa zokha (ngakhale wobera atadziwa).

Chifukwa chake, mawu achinsinsi okhala ndi mawu osavuta a Chingerezi osavuta osavuta azitha kukumbukira komanso osavuta kusweka. Ndipo polemba liwu lililonse ndi chilembo chachikulu, timakweza kuchuluka kwa zosankha mpaka digiri lachiwiri. Ngati akhale mawu a ku Russia okwanira 3-5 (osasinthika, m'malo mwa mayina ndi masiku) olembedwa mu mpangidwe wa Chingerezi, kuthekera kwatsatanetsatane kwa njira zophunzitsira zogwiritsira ntchito mtanthauzira mawu posankha mawu achinsinsi kudzachotsedwa nawonso.

Mwina palibe njira yolondola yopangira mapasiwedi: pali zabwino ndi zoyipa m'njira zosiyanasiyana (zokhudzana ndi kutha kukumbukira, kudalirika, ndi magawo ena), koma mfundo zoyambira ndi izi:

• Mawu achinsinsi ayenera kukhala ndi anthu ambiri otchulidwa. Kuchepetsa kwambiri masiku ano ndi zilembo 8. Ndipo izi sizokwanira ngati mukufuna dzina lachinsinsi.
• Ngati ndi kotheka, zilembo zapadera, zilembo zapamwamba komanso zotsika, manambala akuyenera kuphatikizidwa achinsinsi.
• Osaphatikizanso chidziwitso chanu pachinsinsi, ngakhale chojambulidwa ndi njira zooneka ngati "zachinyengo". Palibe madeti, mayina ndi surnames. Mwachitsanzo, kuwononga mawu achinsinsi omwe akuimira tsiku lililonse la kalendala yamakono ya Julius kuyambira chaka cha 0 kufikira lero (la mtundu wa Julayi 18, 2015 kapena 18072015, ndi zina). pakati poyesera milandu ina).

Mutha kuwona momwe achinsinsi anu aliri pamalopo (ngakhale kuti mapepala omwe amapezeka patsamba lina, makamaka popanda https si njira yabwino kwambiri) //rumkin.com/tools/password/passchk.php. Ngati simukufuna kutsimikizira achinsinsi anu enieni, lembani zofanana (kuyambira nambala yomweyo ndi zilembo zomwezo) kuti mumve za mphamvu zake.

Pokonzekera kulemba zilembo, ntchito imawerengera zapakati (zofunikira, kuchuluka kwa zosankha ndi ma bits 10, kuchuluka kwa zosankha ndi 2 mpaka mphamvu ya khumi) achinsinsi omwe apatsidwa ndikuthandizira pakudalirika kwa mfundo zosiyanasiyana. Mapasiwedi omwe ali ndi mwayi wopitilira 60 ndi osatheka kusweka ngakhale panthawi yomwe akufuna.

Osagwiritsa ntchito mapasiwedi omwewo pazakaunti zosiyanasiyana

Ngati muli ndi mawu achinsinsi ovuta, koma mumawagwiritsa ntchito kulikonse komwe mungagule, amayamba kukhala osadalirika. Akatchova akangolowa mu tsamba lililonse lomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito chinsinsi chotere ndikupeza mwayi wake, onetsetsani kuti lidzayesedwa nthawi yomweyo (zokha, pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera) pa maimelo ena onse otchuka, masewera, ntchito zamtundu wa anthu, ndipo mwina ngakhale mabanki a pa intaneti (Njira zowonetsera ngati password yanu yatulutsidwa kale kumaperekedwa kumapeto kwa nkhani yapita).

Chinsinsi chapadera cha akaunti iliyonse ndizovuta, ndizovuta, koma ndizofunikira ngati akaunti izi ndizofunikira kwa inu. Ngakhale, polembetsako ena omwe alibe phindu kwa inu (ndiye kuti mwakonzeka kuwataya ndipo sadzadandaula) ndipo osakhala ndi chidziwitso chaumwini, simungavutike ndi mapasiwedi apadera.

Kutsimikizika kwa zinthu ziwiri

Ngakhale mapasiwedi olimba samatsimikizira kuti palibe amene angalowe mu akaunti yanu. Mawu achinsinsi amatha kubedwa mwanjira iliyonse kapena ina (phishing, mwachitsanzo, ngati njira yofala kwambiri) kapena kuwapeza kuchokera kwa inu.

Pafupifupi makampani onse akuluakulu a pa intaneti kuphatikiza Google, Yandex, Mail.ru, Facebook, VKontakte, Microsoft, Dropbox, LastPass, Steam ndi ena awonjezera kuthekera kotsimikizira kutsimikizika kwa zinthu ziwiri (kapena ziwiri) m'makaunti kuyambira posachedwa. Ndipo, ngati chitetezo ndichofunika kwa inu, ndikupangira kuyatsa.

Kukhazikitsa kutsimikizika kwazinthu ziwiri kumagwira ntchito mosiyana pamasewera osiyanasiyana, koma mfundo yayikulu ndi iyi:

1. Mukalowa muakaunti yanu kuchokera ku chipangizo chosadziwika, mutalowa mawu achinsinsi, mumapemphedwa kuti mupite ndi cheke chowonjezera.
2. Macheke amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito nambala ya SMS, pulogalamu yapadera pa foni yamakono, kugwiritsa ntchito manambala osindikizidwa kale, meseji ya E-mail, kiyi ya hardware (njira yomaliza idachokera ku Google, kampani iyi nthawi zambiri imakhala mtsogoleri malinga ndi kutsimikizika kwa zinthu ziwiri).

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale ngati wotsutsa atazindikira chinsinsi chanu, sangathe kulowa mu akaunti yanu popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida zanu, foni, imelo.

Ngati simumvetsetsa bwino momwe zitsimikiziro zazinthu ziwiri zimagwirira ntchito, ndikupangira kuwerenga zolemba pa intaneti pamutuwu kapena mafotokozedwe ndi mayendedwe pazomwe zingachitike pamasamba omwewo, momwe amachitidwira (sindingathe kuphatikiza malangizo mwatsatanetsatane mu nkhaniyi).

Kusungidwa achinsinsi

Mapasiwedi osindikizidwa patsamba lililonse ndiabwino, koma ndimasunga bwanji? Sizokayikitsa kuti mapasiwedi onsewa amatha kukumbukira. Kusunga mapasiwedi osungidwa mu asakatuli ndi chinthu chowopsa: samangokhala pachiwopsezo chofikira osavomerezeka, koma amangotayika pakagwa dongosolo pomwe kulumikizana kwalumala.

Yankho labwino kwambiri limawonedwa kuti ndi oyang'anira achinsinsi, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala mapulogalamu omwe amasunga chinsinsi chanu chonse pamalo osungika otetezedwa (onse osaphatikizidwa ndi intaneti), omwe amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito dzina limodzi la master (mutha kuthandizanso kutsimikizika kwa zinthu ziwiri). Ambiri mwa mapulogalamuwa amakhala ndi zida zopangira ndikuwunika mphamvu ya mawu achinsinsi.

Zaka zingapo zapitazo ndidalemba nkhani yosiyana ndi Zoyang'anira Zabwino Kwambiri (ndiyofunika kuilembanso, koma mutha kudziwa kuti ndi chiyani komanso ndi mapulogalamu ati omwe amadziwika ndi nkhaniyi). Ena amakonda njira zosavuta zakunja, monga KeePass kapena 1Password, yomwe imasunga mapasiwedi onse pa chipangizo chanu, ena amakonda zothandizira zina zomwe zimapatsanso kulumikizana (LastPass, Dashlane).

Oyang'anira ma password achidziwitso nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ngati njira yotetezeka komanso yodalirika yosungira. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuganizira zina izi:

• Kuti mupeze mapasiwedi anu onse muyenera kudziwa chinsinsi chimodzi chokha.
• Ngati mungabise posungira pa intaneti (mwezi watha, ntchito yodziwika kwambiri yotsamba la LastPass padziko lapansi idatsegulidwa), muyenera kusintha mapasiwedi anu onse.

Kodi ndingasungenso bwanji mapasiwedi anga ofunikira? Nazi njira zingapo:

• Pepala lotetezedwa lomwe inu ndi abale anu mutha ((osayenera mapasiwedi omwe amafunikira kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri).
• Dongosolo lachinsinsi lomwe lili pa intaneti (mwachitsanzo, KeePass) lomwe limasungidwa pazida zosungira nthawi yayitali komanso kubwerezedwanso kwinakwake kuti litayike.

Kuphatikiza kwakukulu pamwambapa, poganiza, ndi njira yotsatirayi: mapasiwedi ofunika kwambiri (imelo yayikulu, yomwe mutha kubwezeretsa maakaunti ena, banki, ndi zina) amasungidwa m'mutu ndipo (kapena) papepala pamalo otetezeka. Zosafunikira kwenikweni komanso, nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimayenera kuperekedwa kumapulogalamu achinsinsi achinsinsi.

Zowonjezera

Ndikhulupirira kuti kuphatikiza zolemba ziwiri pa mutu wa mapasiwedi kunathandiza ena a inu kulabadira zina mwazitetezo zomwe simunaganizirepo. Zachidziwikire, sindinasamale zosankha zonse zomwe ndikanatha, koma kungoganiza mofatsa komanso kumvetsetsa bwino kwa mfundozo kudzandithandizanso kusankha momwe mukuchitira panthawi yomwe mukufuna. Apanso, ena adatchulapo ndi zina zowonjezera:

• Gwiritsani ntchito mapasiwedi osiyanasiyana pamasamba osiyanasiyana.
• Mapasiwedi ayenera kukhala ovuta, ndipo mutha kuwonjezera zovuta kwambiri pakuwonjezera kutalika kwa mawu achinsinsi.
• Osagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chaumwini (chomwe chimapezeka) popanga mawu achinsinsi, ndikuwunikira, mafunso oteteza kuti muchiritse.
• Gwiritsani ntchito chitsimikiziro cha magawo awiri ngati kuli kotheka.
• Pezani njira yabwino kwambiri yosungira mapasiwedi.
• Chenjerani ndi phishing (onani ma adilesi a webusayiti, kusungira) ndi mapulogalamu aukazitape. Kulikonse komwe mukafunsidwa kuti muike mawu achinsinsi, onetsetsani ngati mulidi nawo patsamba loyenerera. Sungani kompyuta yanu popanda pulogalamu yoyipa.
• Ngati ndi kotheka, musagwiritse ntchito mapasiwedi anu pamakompyuta a anthu ena (ngati pangafunike kutero, zichitani monga "incindikito" pa msakatuli, komanso lembani bwino kiyibodi), mumawebusayiti a Wi-Fi poyera, makamaka ngati palibe encryption ya https mukalumikiza tsambalo .
• Mwina simuyenera kusunga mapasiwedi ofunika kwambiri pakompyuta kapena pa intaneti omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri.

China chake. Ndikuganiza kuti ndakwanitsa kukweza paranoia. Ndikumvetsetsa kuti zambiri zomwe zikufotokozedwa zimawoneka ngati zovuta, malingaliro ngati "chabwino, zitha ine" atha kubwera, koma chifukwa chokhacho cha ulesi mukamatsatira malamulo osavuta otetezedwa mukasunga chinsinsi kungakhale kusowa kwa kufunikira kwanu komanso kukonzekera kwanu kutero kuti ikhale chuma cha wachitatu.