KUKHAZIKITSA KWA NETWORK KU UBUNTU

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Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri ali ndi zovuta kuyesera kukhazikitsa intaneti pa Ubuntu. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa chosadziwa zambiri, koma pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zina. Nkhaniyi ikupereka malangizo amomwe mungasinthire mitundu ingapo yolumikizirana mwatsatanetsatane wa zovuta zonse zomwe zingachitike mukaphedwa.

Khazikitsani ma network ku Ubuntu

Pali mitundu yambiri yolumikizidwa pa intaneti, koma nkhani iyi ikamba zaotchuka kwambiri: intaneti yolumikizana, PPPoE, ndi DIAL-UP. Tilankhulanso za kusanja kosiyana kwa seva ya DNS.

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Ntchito Zokonzekera

Musanayambe kukhazikitsa kulumikizana, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti dongosolo lanu lakhala lokonzekera izi. Ziyenera kufotokozedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti malamulo omwe adatsutsidwa "Pokwelera", agawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: ofunika ufulu wa ogwiritsa (adzatchulidwa ndi chizindikiro $) ndikupempha ufulu wokhala wolamulira (pachiyambi pali chizindikiro #) Samalani izi, chifukwa popanda ufulu wofunikira, magulu ambiri amangokana kupha. Ndikofunikanso kumveketsa kuti otchulidwa "Pokwelera" palibe chifukwa cholowera.

Muyenera kuchita mfundo zingapo:

Onetsetsani kuti zothandizira kulumikiza zokha pa intaneti zimazimitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kukonza kudzera "Pokwelera"Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzimitsa woyang'anira Network (chithunzi cha maukonde pazenera lakumanja).
Chidziwitso: Kutengera mtundu wa kulumikizidwa, chizindikiro cha Network Manager chitha kuwoneka mosiyanasiyana, koma chimakhala kumanzere kwa bar.
Kuti mulephere kuyendetsa ntchito, thamangani lamulo lotsatira:
$ sudo stop network-maneja
Ndipo kuthamanga, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito izi:
$ sudo kuyamba network manejala
Onetsetsani kuti magawo amtundu wa network akonzedwa molondola, ndipo sangasokoneze mulimonse momwe angakhazikitsire netiweki.
Sungani nanu zolembedwa zofunikira kuchokera kwa omwe amapereka, zomwe zikuwonetsa deta yofunika kukhazikitsa intaneti.
Chongowongolera makina ogwiritsira ntchito ma netiweki ndi kugwirizana kwa chingwe.

Mwa zina, muyenera kudziwa dzina la adapter ya ma network. Kuti mudziwe, lembani "Pokwelera" mzerewu:

$ sudo lshw -C network

Zotsatira zake, mudzawona zina monga izi:

Wonaninso: Malamulo Omwe Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Nthawi Zonse mu Linux terminal

Dzinalo la adapter yanu yolumikizana nayo lidzakhala yosemphana ndi mawu "dzina labwino". Pankhaniyi "enp3s0". Ndi dzina ili lomwe lidzawonekere mu nkhaniyi, likhoza kukhala losiyana kwa inu.

Chidziwitso: ngati ma adaputala angapo amtundu wa kompyuta akhazikitsidwa pakompyuta yanu, amawerengera moyenera (enp3s0, enp3s1, enp3s2, ndi zina). Sankhani yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito muzosankha zina.

Njira 1: Malangizo

"Pokwelera" ndi chida chachilengedwe chonse kukhazikitsa zonse za Ubuntu. Ndi chithandizo chake ndizotheka kukhazikitsa intaneti yolumikizira mitundu yonse, yomwe tikambirane pano.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Ma waya

Kukhazikitsa netiweki yolumikizira ku Ubuntu kumachitika powonjezera magawo atsopano ku fayilo yosinthika "polumikizana". Chifukwa chake, choyamba muyenera kutsegula fayilo iyi:

$ sudo gedit / etc / network / mawonekedwe

Chidziwitso: Lamuloli limagwiritsa ntchito cholembera cha Gedit kuti mutsegule fayilo yosinthira, koma mutha kutchula mkonzi wina aliyense mgawo lomwe likugwirizana, mwachitsanzo, vi.

Onaninso: Akonzi otchuka a Linux

Tsopano muyenera kusankha mtundu wa IP yomwe wopereka wanu ali nawo. Pali mitundu iwiri: yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu. Ngati simukudziwa kwenikweni, itanani iwo. kuthandizira ndikuyankhulana ndi wothandizira.

Poyamba, tiyeni tigwirizane ndi IP yamphamvu - kasinthidwe ake ndikosavuta. Mukalowa lamulo lapita, mufayilo lomwe limatseguka, tchulani mitundu iyi:

iface [mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe] inet dhcp auto [dzina la mawonekedwe]

Komwe:

iface [mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe] inet dhcp - amatanthauza mawonekedwe osankhidwa omwe ali ndi adilesi yamphamvu ya IP (dhcp);
auto [dzina la mawonekedwe] - pakhomo lolowera dongosolo limapanga cholumikizira chokhacho ku mawonekedwe omwe atchulidwa ndi magawo onse omwe adatchulidwa.

Mukamalowa muyenera kutenga china ngati ichi:

Musaiwale kusunga zosintha zonse zomwe zidachitika ndikudina batani lolingana kumanja kwa mkonzi.

Static IP ndizovuta kwambiri kuti ikwaniritse. Chachikulu ndikudziwa mitundu yonse. Mu fayilo ya kasinthidwe, muyenera kuyika mizere ili:

iface [mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe] inet tuli adilesi [adilesi] netmask [adilesi] pachipata [adilesi] dns-nameservers [adilesi] auto [dzina la mawonekedwe]

Komwe:

iface [mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe] inet tuli - Hutanthauzira adilesi ya IP ya adapter ngati maimidwe;
adilesi [adilesi] - chimatsimikizira adilesi yanu ethernet doko mu kompyuta;
Chidziwitso: Mutha kudziwa adilesi ya IP ndikuyendetsa ifconfig. Pazotsatira, muyenera kuyang'ana mtengo utatha "inet addr" - iyi ndiye adilesi.
netmask [adilesi] - amatanthauzira chigoba cha subnet;
pachipata [adilesi] - ikuwonetsa adilesi ya pachipata;
dns-nameservers [adilesi] - imalongosola seva ya DNS;
auto [dzina la mawonekedwe] - limalumikiza khadi yolumikizidwa ndi network pomwe OS iyamba.

Mukalowa magawo onse, mudzaona zina monga izi:

Musaiwale kupulumutsa magawo onse omwe adalowetsedwa musanatseke mawu osintha.

Mwa zina, mu Ubuntu OS, mutha kukhazikitsa intaneti yanu kwakanthawi. Zimasiyananso kuti zomwe zidasinthidwa sizisintha mafayilo akusinthidwa mwanjira iliyonse, ndipo ndikayambitsanso PC, zoikamo zonse zomwe zidatchulidwa kale zidzakhazikitsidwanso. Ngati iyi ndi nthawi yanu yoyamba kuyesa kukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa waya pa Ubuntu, ndikofunikira kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito njira iyi poyamba.

Magawo onse akhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo limodzi:

$ sudo ip addr kuwonjezera 10.2.119.116/24 dev enp3s0

Komwe:

10.2.119.116 - Adilesi ya IP ya kirediti kadi (ikhoza kukhala yosiyana kwa inu);
/24 - kuchuluka kwa mabatani omwe ali pachiwonetsero cha adilesi;
enp3s0 - mawonekedwe apa netiweki komwe chingwe cholumikizira chikugwirizana.

Pambuyo polowetsa zofunikira zonse ndikuyendetsa lamulo mu "Pokwelera", mutha kuwona kulondola kwawo. Ngati intaneti iwoneka pa PC, ndiye kuti zosintha zonse ndi zolondola, ndipo zitha kuikidwa mu fayilo yosinthika.

Kukhazikitsa kwa DNS

Kukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa DNS m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Ubuntu ndikosiyana. Mu mitundu ya OS kuyambira pa 12.04 - njira imodzi, kale - ina. Tidzangolingalira mawonekedwe okhazikika olumikizana okha, chifukwa zazikulu zimatanthawuza kuzindikira kwa seva za DNS zokha.

Kuyika mu mtundu wa OS pamwambapa 12.04 kumapezeka mu fayilo lomwe limadziwika kale "polumikizana". Lowani chingwecho "dns-nameservers" ndipo lembani mndandanda pamlengalenga.

Chifukwa chake tsegulani kaye "Pokwelera" fayilo yosintha "polumikizana":

$ sudo gedit / etc / network / mawonekedwe

Kenako, mu cholembera mawu omwe amatsegula, lowetsani mzere wotsatirawu:

dns-nameservers [adilesi]

Zotsatira zake, muyenera kupeza china chotere, mitundu yokhayo yomwe ingakhale yosiyana:

Ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa DNS ku Ubuntu koyambirira, fayilo yosinthika idzakhala yosiyana. Tsegulani "Pokwelera":

$ sudo gedit /etc/resolv.conf

Mukatha kukhazikitsa maadiresi ofunikira a DNS mmenemo. Iyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti, mosiyana ndi kulowa magawo mkati "polumikizana"mu "solv.conf" ma adilesi amalembedwa nthawi iliyonse ndi gawo, prefix imagwiritsidwa ntchito mtengo wake usanakhale "nameserver" (wopanda mawu).

Kukhazikitsa kwa PPPoE

PPPoE kasinthidwe kudzera "Pokwelera" sizitanthauza kukhazikitsidwa kwa magawo ambiri mumafayilo osiyanasiyana amakompyuta. M'malo mwake, gulu limodzi lokha ndi lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Chifukwa chake, kuti mupange kulumikizana kopita point-to-point (PPPoE), muyenera kuchita izi:

Mu "Pokwelera" pereka:
$ sudo pppoeconf
Yembekezani mpaka kompyuta itayilumikizidwa pamaneti ndi ma modemu olumikizidwa kwa iyo.
Chidziwitso: ngati chida sichikupeza hubul, ndiye fufuzani ngati chingwe choperekacho chikugwirizana molondola, komanso ngati mphamvu ya modem, ngati ilipo.
Pazenera lomwe limawonekera, sankhani khadi yolumikizira intaneti yomwe chingwe cholumikizira chikugwirizana nacho (ngati muli ndi khadi imodzi yolumikizana, zenera ili lidzatsitsidwa).
Mu "kusankha njira zotchuka" zenera, dinani "Inde".
Lowani malowedwe omwe adaperekedwa ndi omwe akukuthandizani ndikuwatsimikizira zomwe achitazo. Kenako lembani mawu achinsinsi.
Pa zenera posankha njira yodziwira ma seva a DNS, dinani "Inde"ngati ma IP adilesi ali ndi mphamvu, ndipo "Ayi"ngati tuli. Kachiwiri, lowetsani seva ya DNS pamanja.
Kenako chithandizochi chidzapempha chilolezo chochepetsa kukula kwa MSS kufika pa maboti 1452 - perekani chilolezo podina "Inde".
Mu gawo lotsatira, muyenera kupatsa chilolezo kulumikiza zokha pa intaneti ya PPPoE kompyuta ikayamba, ndikudina "Inde".
Pazenera lomaliza, zofunikira zikufunsani chilolezo kukhazikitsa kulumikizana pakadali pano - dinani "Inde".

Pambuyo pa zonse zomwe zatengedwa, kompyuta yanu ikhazikitsa njira yolumikizira intaneti, ngati mutachita zonse molondola.

Chonde dziwani kuti chida chosakwanira pppoeconf imayitanitsa kulumikizana komwe kudapangidwa wopereka. Ngati mukufuna kusiya, chitani "Pokwelera" lamulo:

$ sudo poff dsl-wopereka

Kuti mukhazikitse kulumikizaninso, lowani:

$ sudo pon dsl-wopereka

Chidziwitso: ngati mungalumikizane ndi netiweki pogwiritsa ntchito kuppoeconf, ndiye kuti oyang'anira ma netiweki kudzera pa Network Manager sangathe, chifukwa chophatikizira magawo mu fayilo ya "interfaces". Kuti mukonzenso zoikamo zonse ndikusamutsa control kwa Network Manager, muyenera kutsegula "fayilo" ndikusintha zonse zomwe zalembedwa pansipa. Mukalowetsa sungani zosintha ndikuyambitsanso maulalo ndi lamulo "$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart" (popanda zolemba). Yambitsaninso zofunikira pa Network Manager poyendetsa "$ sudo /etc/init.d/NetworkManager kuyambiranso" (popanda zolemba).

Kukhazikika kwa cholumikizira cha DIAL-UP

Kukhazikitsa DIAL-UP, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zofunikira ziwiri: pppconfig ndi wvdial.

Khazikitsani kulumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito pppconfig zosavuta mokwanira. Mwambiri, njirayi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi yapita (pppoeconf): mudzafunsidwa mafunso omwewo, poyankha omwe pamapeto ake mudzakhazikitsa intaneti. Choyamba yambitsani zofunikira pachokha:

$ sudo pppconfig

Kenako tsatirani malangizowo. Ngati simukudziwa ena mwa mayankho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulankhule ndi operekera onsewo. thandizirani wopereka wanuyo ndikuwonana naye. Mukamaliza kukonza makonda onse, kulumikizana kudzakhazikitsidwa.

Pankhani yokhala ndi wvdialndiye zimachitika pang'ono. Choyamba muyenera kukhazikitsa phukusi lokha kudzera "Pokwelera". Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo lotsatirali:

$ sudo ikuyenera kukhazikitsa wvdial

Zimaphatikizapo zofunikira zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi magawo onse. Adayimbira "wvdialconf". Thamangani:

$ sudo wvdialconf

Pambuyo pophedwa "Pokwelera" Magawo ndi mawonekedwe ambiri adzawonetsedwa - palibe chifukwa chomverera. Muyenera kudziwa kuti zofunikira zimapanga fayilo yapadera "wvdial.conf", yomwe idalowa zokha pamagawo ofunikira powawerenga kuchokera pa modem. Chotsatira, muyenera kusintha fayilo yopangidwa "wvdial.conf"tsegulani "Pokwelera":

$ sudo gedit /etc/wvdial.conf

Monga mukuwonera, makonda ambiri adalembedwa kale, koma mfundo zitatu zomalizazi zikufunikirabe kuti zithandizidwe. Muyenera kulembetsa muiwo nambala yafoni, dzina la mtumiaji ndi mawu achinsinsi, motero. Komabe, musathamangire kutseka fayilo, chifukwa cha ntchito yabwino, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera magawo ena:

Masekondi opanda pake = 0 - cholumikizacho sichingasiyidwe ngakhale ndi ntchito yayitali pakompyuta;
Kuyesera Kuyendetsa = 0 - amapanga kuyesa kosatha kukhazikitsa mgwirizano;
Lumikizani Lamulo = ATDP -kuimbira zidzachitika m'njira yamkokomo.

Zotsatira zake, fayilo yosinthika imawoneka motere:

Chonde dziwani kuti makondawa adagawika m'magawo awiri, omwe mayina ali m'mabakitini. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mupange mitundu iwiri yogwiritsira ntchito magawo. Chifukwa chake, magawo pansi "[Zoyeserera Zochita]nthawi zonse adzaphedwa, koma pansi "[Dialer puls]" - mukamafotokozera njira yoyenera mu lamulo.

Mukamaliza kukonza masanjidwe onse, kukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa DIAL-UP, muyenera kuyendetsa lamulo ili:

$ sudo wvdial

Ngati mukufuna kukhazikika kolumikizana, lembani izi:

$ sudo wvdial kugunda

Pofuna kuthyola kulumikizidwa komwe kwakhazikitsidwa, mkati "Pokwelera" muyenera kukanikiza kophatikiza Ctrl + C.

Njira 2: Woyang'anira Network

Ubuntu uli ndi chida chapadera chomwe chimathandiza kukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa mitundu yambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mawonekedwe ojambula. Uyu ndiye Network Manager, yemwe amatchedwa ndikudina chithunzi chomwe chikugwirizana komwe kuli kumanzere kopanira.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Ma waya

Timayambanso chimodzimodzi ndi khwekhwe lama waya. Choyamba muyenera kutsegula zothandizira zokha. Kuti muchite izi, dinani pachizindikiro chake ndikudina Sinthani Maulumikizidwe mndandanda wazakudya. Kenako, pazenera zomwe zikuwoneka, chitani izi:

Dinani batani Onjezani.
Pazenera lomwe limawonekera, kuchokera mndandanda wotsika, sankhani Ethernet ndikudina "Pangani ...".
Pazenera latsopano, tchulani dzina la cholumikizira gawo lolowera lolowera.
Pa tabu Ethernet kuchokera pansi dontho "Chipangizo" onani khadi yomwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito.
Pitani ku tabu "General" ndipo yang'anani mabokosi pafupi ndi zinthuzo "Lumikizani zokha pa intaneti iyi ikapezeka." ndi "Ogwiritsa ntchito onse amatha kulumikizana ndi netiweki iyi".
Pa tabu Makonda a IPv4 kudziwa momwe mungasinthire "Makinawa (DHCP)" - pa mawonekedwe osintha. Ngati ndi yokhazikika, muyenera kusankha "Pamanja" nenaninso magawo onse ofunikira omwe woperekawo wakupatsani.
Press batani Sungani.

Pambuyo pa njira zonse zomwe zachitika, kulumikizana kwa intaneti kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Ngati izi sizingachitike, yang'anani magawo onse omwe mwalowa, mwina munalakwitsa penapake. Komanso musaiwale kuti muwone ngati chizindikirocho chikutsutsana. Network Management pa menyu yotsitsa.

Nthawi zina zimathandizanso kuyambiranso kompyuta.

Kukhazikitsa kwa DNS

Kuti mupeze cholumikizira, mungafunike kusintha ma seva a DNS. Kuti muchite izi, chitani izi:

Tsegulani zenera lolumikizira maukonde mu Network Manager posankha pazosankha zofunikira Sinthani Maulumikizidwe.
Pa zenera lotsatira, sonyezani kulumikizana komwe kudapangidwa koyambirira ndikudina LMB "Sinthani".
Kenako, pitani tabu Makonda a IPv4 komanso mndandanda "Kukhazikitsa Njira" dinani "Makinawa (DHCP, adilesi yokha)". Kenako pamzere Ma seva a DNS lowetsani zofunikira zofunika, kenako dinani batani Sungani.

Pambuyo pake, makonzedwe a DNS akhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi athunthu. Ngati palibe zosintha, yesetsani kuyambiranso kompyuta kuti iwoneke.

Kukhazikitsa kwa PPPoE

Kukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa PPPoE mu Network Manager ndikosavuta monga "Pokwelera". M'malo mwake, muyenera kungofotokoza momwe mungalowere ndi mawu achinsinsi kuchokera kwa omwe amapereka. Koma lingalirani zambiri.

Tsegulani zenera kuti muzilumikizana ndikudina chizindikiro cha Network Manager ndikuwonetsetsa Sinthani Maulumikizidwe.
Dinani Onjezani, kenako kuchokera mndandanda wotsika, sankhani "Dsl". Pambuyo dinani "Pangani ...".
Pazenera lomwe limawonekera, ikani dzina la kulumikizidwa lomwe liziwonetsedwa pazosankha zothandizira.
Pa tabu "Dsl" lembani dzina lolowera achinsinsi m'minda yoyenera. Mwakusankha, muthanso kusankha dzina lautumiki, koma osankha.
Pitani ku tabu "General" ndikuwona mabokosi pafupi ndi zinthu ziwiri zoyambayo.
Pa tabu Ethernet pa mndandanda pansi "Chipangizo" Fotokozerani khadi yanu yapaintaneti.
Pitani ku Makonda a IPv4 ndi kufotokoza njira yokhazikitsira "Makinawa (PPPoE)" ndikusunga kusankha kwanu podina batani loyenera. Ngati mukufuna kulowa seva ya DNS pamanja, sankhani "Makina (PPPoE, adilesi okha)" ndikukhazikitsa zofunika magawo, kenako dinani Sungani. Ndipo pochitika kuti muyenera kuyika zosanja zonse pamanja, sankhani zomwe zili ndi dzina lomwelo ndikulowetsa m'magawo oyenera.

Tsopano kulumikizana kwatsopano kwa DSL kwawoneka mu menyu ya Network Manager, ndikusankha omwe mupeze intaneti. Kumbukirani kuti nthawi zina muyenera kuyatsanso kompyuta yanu kuti zisinthe ziyambe kugwira ntchito.

Pomaliza

Zotsatira zake, titha kunena kuti mumachitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito a Ubuntu pali zida zambiri zothandizira kukhazikitsa intaneti kofunikira. Utumiki wa Network Manager uli ndi mawonekedwe ojambula, omwe amathandizira kwambiri ntchito, makamaka kwa oyamba. Komabe "Pokwelera" imalola kusinthasintha kosavuta ndikulowetsa magawo omwe sakugwiritsa ntchito.

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