Vuto lolakwika kapena, monga momwe limatchulidwira, cholakwika cha arithmetic, ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira polemba. Kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro ichi, mutha kudziwa kukula kwa chitsanzo. Ndizofunikanso kuneneratu. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mungawerengere zolakwika wamba pogwiritsa ntchito zida za Microsoft Excel.
Kuwerengera kumatanthauza kulakwitsa
Chizindikiro chimodzi chomwe chimadziwika ndi kukhulupirika komanso kufanana kwa mtunduwo ndicho cholakwika wamba. Mtengo uwu umayimira muzu wapakati pazosiyanazo. Kubalalitsidwa palokha ndiko gawo lalikulu la masamu. Kuwerengera kwamasamu kumawerengeredwa pogawana mtengo wonse wazomwe zimasungidwa ndi ziwerengerozo.
Ku Excel pali njira ziwiri zowerengera zolakwika: kugwiritsa ntchito magwiridwe antchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida za Analysis Package. Tiyeni tiwone mwanjira iliyonse izi.
Njira 1: kuwerengera pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito zophatikiza
Choyamba, tiyeni tijambule chithunzi cha zochita zina mwachitsanzo chowerengera tanthauzo la masamu pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito zina mwazolingazi. Kuti timalize ntchitoyi, tikufunika ogwiritsa ntchito STANDOTLON.V, MUTHA ndi ACCOUNT.
Mwachitsanzo, tigwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za manambala 12 omwe aperekedwa pagome.
- Sankhani foni yomwe nambala yonse ya zolakwika zomwe zikuwonetsedwa, ndikudina chizindikiro "Ikani ntchito".
- Kutsegula Fotokozerani Wizard. Timasamukira kumalo "Zowerengera". Pa mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zasankhidwa, sankhani dzinalo STANDOTKLON.V.
- Tsamba lokangana pamawu omwe ali pamwambapa likuyamba. STANDOTLON.V Amapangidwa kuti aziyerekeza kupatuka kwachitsanzo. Mawu awa ali ndi syntax otsatirawa:
= STD. B (nambala1; nambala2; ...)"Nambala1" ndipo zotsatirazi ndi mfundo za manambala kapena mafotokozedwe a ma cell ndi mzere wa pepalalo momwe amakhalamo. Pazonse, pakhoza kukhala kutsutsana mpaka 255 zamtunduwu. Kungokangana koyamba ndikofunikira.
Chifukwa chake, ikani cholozera m'munda "Nambala1". Kenako, onetsetsani kuti mukutsata batani lamanzere lamanzere, sankhani mtundu wonse wosankhidwa pa pepalalo ndi cholozera. Zogwirizanitsa ndimtunduwu zimawonetsedwa nthawi yomweyo pazenera la zenera. Pambuyo pake, dinani batani "Zabwino".
- Zotsatira za kuwerengera kwa woyendetsa ntchito zikuwonetsedwa mu khungu papepala. STANDOTLON.V. Koma ichi sicholakwika cha masamu. Kuti mupeze phindu lomwe mukufuna, ndikofunikira kugawa kupatuka ndi muzu wapakati wa chiwerengero cha zinthu. Kuti mupitirize kuwerengera, sankhani foni yomwe ili ndi ntchitoyo STANDOTLON.V. Pambuyo pake, ikani cholozera mzere wamafomula ndikuwonjezeranso chizindikiro chogwirizana pambuyo pa mawu omwe alipo kale (/) Pambuyo pa izi, timadina pa chithunzi cha makona atatu kutembenukira mozondoka, yomwe ili kumanzere kwa mzere wama formula. Mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zangogwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwa umatseguka. Ngati mupeza dzina la wothandiziramo MUTHA, kenako pitani dzinali. Kupanda kutero, dinani pazinthuzo "Zina ...".
- Yambitsaninso Ogwira Ntchito. Nthawi ino tiyenera kuchezera gululi "Masamu". Pa mndandanda womwe waperekedwa, kwezani dzinali MUTHA ndipo dinani batani "Zabwino".
- Ntchito yotsutsana ndi ntchito imatsegulidwa MUTHA. Ntchito yokhayokha ya mawerendawa ndikuwerengera muzu wapakati wa nambala yopatsidwa. Mapulogalamu ake ndi osavuta:
= ROOT (chiwerengero)Monga mukuwonera, ntchitoyo imangokhala ndi lingaliro limodzi "Chiwerengero". Itha kuyimiridwa ndi mtengo wamanambala, zonena za khungu lomwe lilimo, kapena ntchito ina yomwe imawerengera nambala iyi. Chisankho chomaliza chidzaperekedwa mwa zitsanzo zathu.
Khazikitsani chotembezera m'munda "Chiwerengero" ndikudina pazintatu zomwe tikudziwa, zomwe zimabweretsa mndandanda wazogwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwapa. Tikufunafuna dzina m'menemo "ACCOUNT". Ngati tapeza, dinani. Mosiyana ndi izi, bwererenso ku dzinalo "Zina ...".
- Pa zenera lotulukapo Ogwira Ntchito kusunthira ku gulu "Zowerengera". Pamenepo tikuwonetsa dzinalo "ACCOUNT" ndipo dinani batani "Zabwino".
- Tsamba la mkangano wa ntchito likuyamba ACCOUNT. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adapangidwa kuti awerenge kuchuluka kwa maselo omwe amadzazidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa manambala. M'malo mwathu, imawerengera kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo ndikufotokozera zotsatira za "kholo" wothandizira MUTHA. Kapangidwe ka ntchitoyo ndi motere:
= COUNT (mtengo1; mtengo2; ...)Monga mikangano "Mtengo", yomwe imatha kukhala mpaka zidutswa 255, ndizolumikizana ndi ma cell cell. Ikani wolemba m'munda "Mtengo1", gwiritsani batani lamanzere lakumanzere ndikusankha mtundu wonse wosankha. Mapulogalamu ake atawonetsedwa m'munda, dinani batani "Zabwino".
- Mukamaliza kuchitapo kanthu komaliza, sikuti chiwerengero cha maselo omwe adzazidwe ndi manambala okha, komanso chiwonetsero cha arithmetic amatanthauza kuwerengera, popeza uku ndiko kudali koyamba kugwira ntchito pa formula iyi. Mtengo wolakwitsa wamba umawonetsedwa mufoni momwe mapangidwe ovuta, malingaliro onse omwe mwa ife muli motere:
= STD. B (B2: B13) / ROOT (ACCOUNT (B2: B13))Zotsatira zakuwerengera zolakwika zamasamu zinali 0,505793. Tikumbukire chiwerengerochi ndikuchiyerekeza ndi chomwe timapeza tikambirana njira yotsatirayi.
Koma chowonadi ndichakuti kwa zitsanzo zazing'ono (mpaka ma 30) kulondola kwambiri ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthidwa pang'ono. Mmenemo, kupatuka kwapakati sikogawidwa ndi muzu wapakati wa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zazitsanzo, koma ndi muzu wapakati wa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zapezedwa. Chifukwa chake, polingalira za kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zazing'ono, mawonekedwe athu amatengera mawonekedwe awa:
= STD. B (B2: B13) / ROOT (ACCOUNT (B2: B13) -1)
Phunziro: Ntchito za Statistical ku Excel
Njira 2: gwiritsani ntchito chida chofotokozera cha Statistics
Njira yachiwiri yomwe mungawerengere zolakwika mu Excel, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chida Ziwerengero Zofotokozeraophatikizidwa m'bokosi la chida "Kusanthula Kwambiri" (Mapaketi Osanthula). Ziwerengero Zofotokozera amachita kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana. Chimodzi mwazo ndikupeza zolakwika za masamu.
Koma kuti mugwiritse ntchito mwayi uwu, muyenera kuyambitsa nthawi yomweyo Mapaketi Osanthula, popeza imalemedwa ndi kusakhulupirika ku Excel.
- Chikalata chokhala ndi kusankha chikatsegulidwa, pitani tabu Fayilo.
- Chotsatira, pogwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wamanzere wokhazikika, timasunthira chinthu chake kupita kuchigawo "Zosankha".
- Zenera la Excel options liyamba. Mbali yakumanzere ya zenera ili ndi menyu womwe timadutsamo "Zowonjezera".
- Pansi pazenera lomwe limawoneka kuti ndi munda "Management". Khazikitsani gawo mmenemo Wonjezerani-Ex ndipo dinani batani "Pita ..." kumanja kwake.
- Zenera lowonjezera limayamba ndi mndandanda wazomwe zikupezeka. Timachotsa dzinalo Mapaketi Osanthula ndipo dinani batani "Zabwino" kumanja kwa zenera.
- Ntchito yomaliza ikatha, gulu latsopano la zida liziwoneka m'mbali mwake, lomwe lili nalo dzinalo "Kusanthula". Kuti mupite ku icho, dinani pa dzina la tabu "Zambiri".
- Pambuyo pakusintha, dinani batani "Kusanthula Kwambiri" mu bokosi la zida "Kusanthula"lomwe lili kumapeto kwenikweni kwa tepi.
- Zenera losankha la chida chowunikira layamba. Sankhani dzinalo Ziwerengero Zofotokozera ndipo dinani batani "Zabwino" kumanja.
- Zenera loikamo chida chophatikizira kuwerengetsera kwamaphunziro chimayamba Ziwerengero Zofotokozera.
M'munda Kulowetsa Kuyimitsa muyenera kutchulapo maselo osiyanasiyana momwe maselo omwe amapezeka amapezeka. Kuchita izi mwanjira ndi kovuta, ngakhale kuli kotheka, chifukwa chake timayika cholumikizira mundawo ndipo, ndikugwira batani la mbewa yakumanzere, sankhani makina ofanananira ndi pepalalo. Ogwirizanitsa ake amawonetsedwa pomwepo pamtunda windo.
Mu block "Gulu" siyani makonda osasintha. Ndiye kuti, kusinthaku kuyenera kukhala pafupi ndi chinthucho Column ndi safu. Ngati izi siziri choncho, ndiye kuti ziyenera kukonzedwanso.
Chingwe "Tizilombo pamzere woyamba" sangathe kukhazikitsa. Kuti tithetse nkhani yathu, izi sizofunikira.
Kenako, pitani kumalo osungira. Zosankha. Apa muyenera kuwonetsa komwe zotsatira za kuwerengera kwa chida ziwonetsedwa. Ziwerengero Zofotokozera:
- Patsamba latsopano;
- Kwa buku latsopano (fayilo ina);
- Mumndandanda womwe wapezeka patsamba lino.
Tiyeni tisankhe chomaliza pamasankhawa. Kuti muchite izi, sinthani kusintha "Patuluka Pakatikati" ndipo ikani cholozera m'munda moyang'anizana ndi gawo ili. Pambuyo pake, timadina pa pepalalo ndi foni, lomwe lidzakhale gawo lamanzere pamndandanda wazotsatira. Zogwirizira zake zikuyenera kuwonetsedwa m'munda momwe tidayikiratuumbuyo.
Otsatirawa ndi malo osungirako omwe amasankha kuti ndi data yanji yomwe iyenera kulowetsedwa:
- Manambala achidule;
- Lomwe ndi lalikulu kwambiri;
- Lomwe laling'ono kwambiri;
- Mlingo wodalirika.
Kuti mudziwe cholakwika chazomwezo, muyenera kudziwa bokosi pafupi ndi gawo "Manambala Mwachidule". Tsanani ndi zinthu zina zonse, onani mabokosi molingana ndi nzeru zathu. Izi sizingakhudze yankho la ntchito yathu yayikulu.
Pambuyo pazokonda zonse pazenera Ziwerengero Zofotokozera anaika, dinani batani "Zabwino" mbali yake yakumanja.
- Pambuyo pa chida ichi Ziwerengero Zofotokozera chikuwonetsa zotsatira za kukonza kusankhidwa patsamba latsopano. Monga mukuwonera, izi ndi zambiri mwa mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma mwa iwo pali zomwe tikufuna - "Chovuta chofananira". Ndikofanana ndi manambala 0,505793. Izi ndi zotsatira zofanana zomwe tidapeza polemba njira yovuta pofotokozera njira yapita.
Phunziro: Ziwerengero Zofotokozera mu Excel
Monga mukuwonera, mu Excel mutha kuwerengera zolakwika zonse m'njira ziwiri: kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito phukusi la kusanthula Ziwerengero Zofotokozera. Zotsatira zomaliza zidzakhala chimodzimodzi. Chifukwa chake, kusankha kwa njira kumatengera kusavuta kwa wogwiritsa ntchitoyo komanso ntchito yake. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tanthauzo la masamu ndi lingaliro limodzi mwazizindikiro zambiri zowerengera zomwe zimayenera kuwerengedwa, ndiye kuti ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito chida Ziwerengero Zofotokozera. Koma ngati mukufunikira kuwerengera ichi chokha, ndiye kuti mupewe mulu wa zosafunikira, ndibwino kutengera njira yovuta. Poterepa, kuwerengera kumakhala mu selo limodzi la pepalalo.
