HDD, disk hard, hard drive - onsewa ndi mayina a chipangizo chimodzi chodziwika bwino chosungira. Munkhaniyi tikufotokozerani za mtundu wa zoyendetsa ngati izi, za momwe zitha kusungidwira pa iwo, komanso za nzeru zina ndi mfundo za kagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Chida choyendetsa mwamphamvu
Kutengera ndi dzina lathunthu la chipangizochi - hard disk drive (HDD) - mungamvetsetse zomwe zili pamtima pa ntchito yake. Chifukwa chotsika mtengo komanso kulimba, makina osungira awa amaikidwa m'makompyuta osiyanasiyana: ma PC, ma laputopu, ma seva, mapiritsi, ndi zina zambiri. Gawo lodziwika bwino la HDD ndi kuthekera kosungira zidziwitso zambiri, pomwe kuli ndi miyeso yaying'ono kwambiri. Pansipa tikambirana za kapangidwe kake ka mkati, mfundo za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zinthu zina. Tiyeni tiyambe!
Hermoblock ndi bolodi yamagetsi
Ma fiberglass obiriwira ndi ma track amkuwa pa iye, pamodzi ndi zolumikizira zolumikiza magetsi ndi SATA jack, amatchedwa bolodi yolamulira (Wosindikizidwa Circuit Board, PCB). Dongosolo lophatikizika ili limathandizira kugwirizanitsa magwiridwe a disk ndi PC ndikuwongolera njira zonse mkati mwa HDD. Mlandu wakuda wa aluminiyumu ndi zomwe mkati mwake zimatchedwa chidindo chosindikizidwa (Mutu ndi Disk Assembly, HDA).
Pakatikati pa gawo lophatikizika pali chip chachikulu - ichi ma microcontroller (Micro Controller Unit, MCU). Mu HDD yamakono, microprocessor imakhala ndi magawo awiri: chipinda chapakati pakompyuta (Central processor unit, CPU), yomwe imayang'anira kuwerengera konse, ndi werengani ndi kulemba Channel - chida chapadera chomwe chimatembenuza chizindikiro cha analog kuchokera pamutu kupita pa chosakwanira pamene chikuwerenga, ndipo mosinthanitsa - digito kupita ku analogi pakujambula. Microprocessor ali madoko otulutsa / zotulukapogwiritsira ntchito momwe imayang'anira zinthu zomwe zatsalira pa bolodi ndikusinthanitsa zidziwitso kudzera pa kulumikizana kwa SATA.
Chip china chomwe chili paderalo ndi DDR SDRAM (memory chip). Kuchuluka kwake kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa kachesi yama hard drive. Chip ichi chimagawidwa mu memoryware ya firmware, chopezeka mu flash drive, ndi buffer yofunikira ndi purosesa kuti muthe kuyendetsa ma firmware.
Chip chachitatu chimatchedwa injini ndi wowongolera mutu (Woyang'anira Voice Coil Motor, VCM wolamulira). Imayang'anira zowonjezera zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala pa bolodi. Amathandizidwa ndi microprocessor ndipo sinthani kusinthana (preamplifier) yomwe ili mu gawo losindikizidwa. Wowongolera uyu amafunikira mphamvu zambiri kuposa zina zina zomwe zili pa bolodi, popeza ndizoyang'anira kuzungulira kwa kupindika komanso kuyenda kwa mitu. Pakatikati pa preamplifier-switch imatha kugwira ntchito itatentha mpaka 100 ° C! Mphamvu ikaperekedwa ku HDD, ma microcontroller amatulutsa zomwe zili mu flash chip mu kukumbukira ndikuyamba kupereka malangizo omwe aikidwamo. Ngati kachidindo kakulephera kutsitsa bwino, HDD sichitha kuyambitsa kukwezedwa. Komanso, kukumbukira kukumbukira kungathe kuphatikizidwa ndi microcontroller, ndipo osakhala pa bolodi.
Yopezeka kuzungulira chogwedeza mphamvu (mantha sensor) imazindikira mulingo wogwedezeka. Ngati akuwona kukula kwake koopsa, chizindikirocho chimatumizidwa kwa injini ndi wowongolera mutu, pambuyo pake amangoimitsa mitu kapena kuletsa kuzungulira kwa HDD. Mu malingaliro, makina awa adapangidwa kuti ateteze HDD ku zowonongeka zamakina, ngakhale machitidwe sizimamuthandiza. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kugwetsa hard drive, chifukwa izi zimatha kuyambitsa kugwira ntchito kosakwanira kwa sensor vibrate, yomwe ingayambitse kusagwira bwino kwa chipangizocho. Ma HDD ena ali ndi masensa omwe ali ndi Hypersensitive to vibrate, omwe amayankha kuwonekera kwake pang'ono. Deta yomwe VCM imalandira imathandizira kusintha kwa mitu, chifukwa chake ma disks amakhala ndi zida zosachepera ziwiri.
Chipangizo china chopangidwa kuteteza HDD ndi mphamvu yocheperako (Transient Voltage Suppression, TVS), yopangidwa kuti izitha kulephera ngati magetsi atatha. Pakhoza kukhala zingapo malire pamadera amodzi.
Pamaso pa Hermoblock
Pansi pa bolodi yoyendetsera yosakanikirana pamalumikizidwa kuchokera ku motors ndi mitu. Apa mutha kuwona dzenje losaoneka bwino (bowo la kupuma), lomwe limafanizira kupanikizika mkati ndi kunja kwa gawo losindikizidwa la chipindacho, ndikuwononga nthano kuti pali katemera mkati mwa hard drive. Dera lake lamkati limakutidwa ndi fyuluta yapadera yomwe simadutsa fumbi ndi chinyezi mwachindunji mu HDD.
Hermobic wamkati
Pansi pa chivundikiro cha chidindo chosindikizidwa, chomwe chimakhala chosanjika nthawi zonse chachitsulo ndi gasket ya mphira yomwe imateteza ku chinyontho ndi fumbi, pali ma disk maginito.
Akhozanso kutchedwa zikondamoyo kapena mbale (ziwiya). Ma disc amapangidwa nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku galasi kapena aluminiyamu omwe amapukutidwa kale. Kenako amaphimbidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za zinthu zosiyanasiyana, mwa zomwe palinso ferromagnet - zikomo kwa iye kuti amatha kujambula ndi kusunga zidziwitso pa disk yolimba. Pakati pa mbale ndi pamwambapa zikondamoyo zapamwamba ndizomwe zili onyenga (otayika kapena olekanitsa). Amatulutsa mpweya ndipo amachepetsa phokoso lanyimbo. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena aluminiyamu.
Ma plates olekanitsa, omwe amapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, amatha kupirira kuthana ndi kutentha kwa mpweya mkati mwa malo osindikizidwa.
Magnetic mutu mutu
Kumapeto kwa mabakki komwe kuli maginito mutu mutu (Head Stack Assembly, HSA), mitu yowerengera / kulemba ili. Pakakulungika atayimilira, azikhala pamalo ophikira - awa ndi malo pomwe mitu ya disk yogwira ntchito imapezeka panthawi yomwe shaft sikugwira ntchito. Mu HDD ena, kuyimitsa kumachitika m'malo opangira pulasitiki omwe amakhala kunja kwa mbale.
Kuti mugwire bwino ntchito diski yolimba, mpweya woyela momwe ungathere ndi tizinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timafunikira. Popita nthawi, ma microparticles a mafuta ndi mawonekedwe azitsulo poyendetsa. Kuti mutulutse, ma HDD ali ndi zida Zosefera (fyuluta mobwerezabwereza), yomwe imasonkhanitsa ndi kusungira tizinthu tating'ono kwambiri. Amayikidwa mumayendedwe amakanema amlengalenga, omwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha kuzungulira kwa mbale.
Amaginito a Neodymium adayikidwa mu HDD, yomwe imatha kukopa ndikusunga cholemera chomwe chingakhale nthawi 1300 kuposa chake. Cholinga cha maginito awa mu HDD ndikuchepetsa kuyenda kwa mitu ndikukuwagwira pamwamba pa mapulasitiki kapena zitsulo zotayidwa.
Gawo lina la maginito mutu coil (mawu oyimba). Pamodzi ndi maginito, amapanga Kuyendetsa BMGzomwe pamodzi ndi BMG ndi m'malo (activator) - chida chomwe chimasuntha mitu. Makina oteteza chida ichi amatchedwa kunyamula (chosinthira). Imatulutsa BMG ikangotuluka pomwe spindle ipeza kuthamanga kokwanira. Mukutulutsidwa, kuthana ndi mpweya kumakhudzidwa. Kubambaku kumalepheretsa kuyenda kwa mitu iliyonse pokonzekera.
Pansi pa BMG padzakhala chofunikira. Imasunga kusalala ndi kulondola kwa chipangizochi. Palinso gawo lopangidwa ndi aluminium alloy, lomwe limatchedwa rocker (nkono). Mapeto ake, pakuyimitsidwa kwamasamba, mitu ili. Kuchokera pathanthwe limapita chingwe chosinthika (Flexible Printer Circuit, FPC), yomwe imatsogolera pagawo lomwe limalumikizana ndi bolodi yamagetsi.
Nayi coil yolumikizidwa ndi chingwe:
Apa mutha kuwona mfundo:
Nayi makondomu a BMG:
Gasket (gasket) imathandiza kuonetsetsa zolimba. Chifukwa cha izi, mpweya umalowa m'chipindacho uli ndi ma disc ndi mitu kudzera pakungotsegula komwe kamatulutsa kuthana ndi zovuta. Ma CD omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi diskiyi amaphatikizidwa ndi zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino.
Msonkhano Wokulumikizana Wofanana:
Kumapeto kwa kasupe kuyimitsidwa ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono - oyenda (otsetsereka). Amathandizira kuwerenga ndikulemba deta pakukweza mutu pamwamba pa mbale. M'mayilo amakono, mitu imagwira ntchito motalikirana ndi 5-10 nm kuchokera pamwamba pa zikondamoyo zachitsulo. Zida zowerengera ndi kulemba zambiri zimapezeka kumapeto kwenikweni kwa otsikira. Zili zazing'ono kwambiri kuti zimatha kuwoneka pogwiritsa ntchito ma microscope.
Zigawozi sizobisalira chilichonse, chifukwa zimakhala ndi mitengo yotsatsira, yomwe imathandizira kukhazikika kwa kuthamanga kwa otsetsereka. Mpweya pansi pake umapanga pilo (Air Bearing Surface, ABS), yomwe imathandizira mbali zofananira zapauluka.
Kupitilira muyeso - Chip yomwe ili ndi udindo wongoletsa mitu ndikukweza chizindikirocho kapena kwa iwo. Imapezeka mwachindunji mu BMG, chifukwa chizindikiro chomwe mitu imatulutsa chilibe mphamvu zokwanira (pafupifupi 1 GHz). Popanda chowonjezera pamalo osindikizidwa, chikadangobalalika panjira yodutsa.
Kuchokera pa chipangizochi kupita kumitu pali njanji zambiri kuposa malo olimba. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti disk yolimba imatha kungolumikizana ndi imodzi mwazo panthawi ina. Ma microprocessor amatumiza zopempha kwa preamplifier kuti amasankhe mutu womwe angafune. Kuchokera pa disk kupita kwa aliyense wa iwo pamakhala ma track angapo. Iwo ali ndi udindo wokhazikitsa pansi, kuwerenga ndi kulemba, kuwongolera mayendedwe ang'onoang'ono, kugwira ntchito ndi zida zapadera zamagetsi zomwe zimatha kuwongolera momwe zimakhalira, zomwe zimathandiza kuwonjezera mitu yawo. Mmodzi wa iwo akuyenera kuwotengera heto, omwe amawongolera kutalika kwa kuthawa kwawo. Kapangidwe kameneka kamagwira ntchito motere: kutentha umasunthidwa kuchokera paotenthete kupita ku kuyimitsidwa, komwe kumalumikizitsa kotsika ndi chowombera. Kuyimitsidwa kumapangidwa kuchokera ku ma alloys omwe ali ndi magawo okukula osiyanasiyana kuchokera pakubwera kotentha. Ndi kutentha kochulukirapo, limagwadira mbale, potero limachepetsa mtunda kuchokera kumutu. Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kumachepa, zotsatira zotsutsana zimachitika - mutu umachokapo pancake.
Umu ndi momwe olekanitsira apamwamba amawonekera.
Mu chithunzi ichi pali malo olimba opanda chipika chamitu ndi chopatula chapamwamba. Mutha kuzindikira zam'munsi zamagetsi ndipo kuponderezana (nsanja):
Mpheteyi imagwirizira zikondamoyo za kapamba, kulepheretsa kuyenda kwa wachibale wina ndi mnzake:
Mbale zomwezo zakodwa shaft (spindle hub):
Izi ndizomwe zili pansi pa mbale yayikulu:
Monga mukuwonera, malo amituwo amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito apadera mphete zamera (spacer mphete). Awa ndi magawo olondola kwambiri omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku ma alloys osagwiritsa ntchito maginito kapena ma polima:
Pansi pa gawo la kukakamiza pali danga la kukakamiza kufanana, komwe kumayikidwa mwachindunji pansi pa mpweya. Mphepo yomwe ili kunja kwa chidindo chosindikizidwa, mwachidziwikire, imakhala ndi fumbi. Kuti athane ndi vutoli, amaikapo fayilo yama multilayer, yomwe imakhala yotalikirapo kuposa fyuluta yozungulira. Nthawi zina mumapezeka mafuta a silika, omwe amayenera kuyamwa chinyezi chonse chokha:
Pomaliza
Nkhaniyi idafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane anthu omwe ali mkati mwa HDD. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi idakusangalatsani ndipo idakuthandizani kuti muphunzire zambiri pamunda wa zida zamakompyuta.
